Surgical Management and Outcome of Lumbosacral Disc Herniation (Study of 100 Cases)

Objective:  To discuss the surgical management and outcome of lumbosacral disc herniation. Material and Method:  The study was conducted in BMCH and Akram Hospital Quetta from April 2005 to November 2006, 100 patients of both gender included in study. Age range was 30 – 25 years. MRI lumbosacral spine done in all cases. Results:  Excellent result was observed in 80% of patients while fair result in 12% and results were same in 6% of patients. Poor result in 2%. Key word:  Lumbosacral Disk, Herniation.   &nbsp

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Limited Mouth Opening following Partial Maxillectomy and Lateral Rhinotomy for Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: A Clinical Report

Adenocarcinomas of various types comprise 10 to 20% of all primary malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. They are thought to originate from seromucous glands of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses as well as the surface epithelium. Long-term prognosis is poor and patients usually die due to local spread with no metastasis. This clinical report describes a method for prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with sinonasal adenocarcinoma of maxilla following partial maxillectomy and lateral rhinotomy.&nbsp

Incidence of Supratentorial Metastatic Tumors Study of 20 Cases

Objectives: To determine the incidence of supratentorial metastatic Tumors in Balochistan.Material and Methods: Twenty (20) cases of both gender and different age group included in the study. This study was conducted at Neurosurgery Department, BMCH, Quetta from May 2010 to July 2014. Infratentorial metastases were not included in the study.Study Design: Prospective and Analytic Study.Results: Twenty patients of both genders were included in the group. The 12 patients were female and 8 male, age of patients range from 20 years to 65 years. The majority of patients were between 35 to 60 years. Debulking of tumor were done in 8 patients while Biopsy taken from the rest of the patients.Conclusion: Metastatic brain tumors usually occur in adults. Previously the diagnosis was very late, but now a days due to the availability of modern technology the diagnosis made early

Utilization pattern of drugs among patients attending geriatric outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir

Background: Quality and safety of prescribing in older people remains a global healthcare concern and inappropriate prescribing is a major public health issue because of its direct association with morbidity, mortality and wastage of health resources in this age group. Very limited data is available on the drug utilization pattern in geriatric population and the present study was carried out to see the prescription pattern in geriatric population in this part of the world.Methods: The present study was conducted by the department of pharmacology in outpatient department of geriatrics in a tertiary care centre to look into the prescription pattern among geriatric age group.Results: A total of 237 prescriptions were collected, out of which 108 (45.56%) were males and 129 (54.44%) were females. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 60-69 years (n=141, 59.5%). The most commonly found comorbidity was hypertension (63.29%) and antihypertensive agents (74.68%) were the most frequently prescribed class of drugs. Calcium (37.57%), budesonide (32.91%), thyroxine (27.84%) and pantoprazole (25.31%) were the most common individual drugs prescribed.Conclusions: Like other studies on geriatric population polypharmacy was also observed in the present study and periodic therapeutic audit is essential to ensure rational medicine use

Salt stress induces genotype-specific DNA hypomethylation in ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes in maize

Maize, a moderately salt sensitive crop, first experiences osmotic stress that cause reduction in plant growth under salt stress. Fluctuation in cell wall elongation is one of the reasons of this reduction. Along with others, two important proteins expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase are involved in regulation of cell wall elasticity, but the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating the cell wall related genes is still elusive. The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding the role of DNA methylation in regulating ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes. One salt sensitive and one salt tolerant maize cultivar was grown under hydroponic conditions at different levels of salt stress: T1 = 1 mM (control), T2 = 100 mM and T3 = 200 mM in three replicates. DNA and RNA were extracted from roots. After bisulfite treatment, Methyl Sensitive PCR was used for the DNA methylation analysis. It was revealed that fragment in promoter of ZmEXPB2 gene showed high level of DNA methylation under T1 in both varieties. Comparison of different stress treatments revealed decrease in DNA methylation with the increase in salt stress, significantly lower methylation appearing in T3. Similarly, the fragment in promoter of ZmXET1 gene also showed high levels of DNA methylation in T1. When different treatments were analysed, this gene significantly hypomethylated at T2 which continued to decrease in T3 in sensitive variety but remain stable in tolerant variety. Although, further in-depth analysis is required, our results demonstrate region-specific and genotype-specific methylation shift in the promoter of the ZmEXPB2 and ZmXET1 genes when subjected to the salt stress confirming the epigenetic regulation of these genes under stress conditions

Quantum Field Theory in de Sitter spacetime

In this paper we will analyse quantum field theory on de Sitter spacetime. We will analyse a general scalar and vector field theory on de Sitter spacetime. This is done by first calculating these propagators on four-Sphere and then analytically continuing it to de Sitter spacetime

Computational and Pharmacological Evaluation of Carveol for Antidiabetic Potential

© Copyright © 2020 Ahmed, Khan, Kury and Shah. Background: Carveol is a natural drug product present in the essential oils of orange peel, dill, and caraway seeds. The seed oil of Carum Carvi has been reported to be antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective. Methods: The antidiabetic potential of carveol was investigated by employing in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico approaches. Moreover, alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and an alloxan-induced diabetes model were used for in-vitro and in-vivo analysis, respectively. Results: Carveol showed its maximum energy values (≥ -7 Kcal/mol) against sodium-glucose co-transporter, aldose reductase, and sucrose-isomaltase intestinal, whereas it exhibited intermediate energy values (≥ -6 Kcal/mol) against C-alpha glucosidase, glycogen synthase kinases-3β, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and other targets according to in-silico analysis. Similarly, carveol showed lower energy values (≥ 6.4 Kcal/mol) against phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. The in-vitro assay demonstrated that carveol inhibits alpha-amylase activity concentration-dependently. Carveol attenuated the in-vivo alloxan-induced (1055.8 µMol/Kg) blood glucose level in a dose- and time-dependent manner (days 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12), compared to the diabetic control group, and further, these results are comparable with the metformin positive control group. Carveol at 394.1 µMol/Kg improved oral glucose tolerance overload in rats compared to the hyperglycemic diabetic control group. Moreover, carveol also attenuated the glycosylated hemoglobin level along with mediating anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effects in alloxan-induced diabetic animals. Conclusions: This study reveals that carveol exhibited binding affinity against different targets involved in diabetes and has antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective actions

Causality in String Field Theory

In this letter, we will investigate causality in string field theory using pp-wave light-cone gauge string field theory. We will generalize the Ramsey scheme to string field theory, and use it to analyze string field theoretical processes. An explicit characteristic function for interactive string field theory will be built using this string field theoretical Ramsey scheme. The average of the difference between the initial and final values of any operator described in string field theory will be obtained using this characteristic function. We will use the quantum information theoretical technique based on quantum fisher information to extract information about such string field theoretical processes.Comment: Accepted in EPL, 13 page

Outcome of Microvascular Decompression (MVD) for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective: To assess the outcome of patients of Trigeminal Neuralgia after Microvascular Decompression (MVD).Design: Case Series.Place and Duration of Study: Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta from July 2008 to July 2015.Materials and Methods: Patients of all age group and both gender were included. Those patients were included in study that was not relieved by conservative treatment.Results: 40 patients included in study, 30 patients were male and 10 patients were female. Male to female ratio 3:1. The majority of the patients were over 50 years of age. Duration of symptoms in all the patients was more than one year. All of patients were not responding to medical treatment (Anticonvulsant, Antispasmodic and Pain Killers) after one year treatment. All of patients were operated. Procedure was microvascular decompression. They were followed for the period of one year. Most of the patients were pain free after surgery and few patients develop minor complications.Conclusion: Micro vascular decompression is treatment of choice in those patients who stop responding to the conservative treatment