Changes in the menstruation pattern after COVID infection: A questionnaire based study

The pandemic of COVID 19  had  tremendous impact on the physical, mental as well as the social well being of the people. It has affected the respiratory, cardiovascular as well as endocrine system. Menstruation which is a regular cyclical phenomenon seem in females of reproductive age group has also been affected because of COVID-19. A study was conducted in Dhiraj hospital to know about the affect of COVID on menstrual patterns of the women who were affected . At the end of the study we observed that the women who recovered from covid infection suffered from altered menstrual pattern in form of scanty menstrual blood flow and, prolonged cycles, few women experienced menorrhagia with excessive amount of blood loss. When followed up for 4 months almost all women regained their normal pattern of menstrual cycle suggesting that the covid 19 infection had  transitory effect on menstrual pattern

Incidence, management and outcomes of intraoperative catastrophes during robotic pulmonary resection.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative catastrophes during robotic anatomical pulmonary resections are potentially devastating events. The present study aimed to assess the incidence, management, and outcomes of these intraoperative catastrophes for patients with primary lung cancers. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multi-institutional study that evaluated patients who underwent robotic anatomical pulmonary resections. Intraoperative catastrophes were defined as events necessitating emergency thoracotomy or requiring an additional unplanned major surgical procedure. Standardized data forms were collected from each institution, with questions on intraoperative management strategies of catastrophic events. RESULTS: Overall, 1,810 patients underwent robotic anatomical pulmonary resections, including 1,566 (86.5%) lobectomies. Thirty-five patients (1.9%) experienced an intraoperative catastrophe. These patients were found to have significantly higher clinical TNM stage (p=0.031) and lower FEV1 (81% vs 90%, p=0.004). A higher proportion of patients who had a catastrophic event underwent preoperative radiotherapy (8.6% vs 2.3%, p=0.048), and the surgical procedures performed differed significantly compared to non-catastrophic patients. Patients in the catastrophic group had higher perioperative mortality (5.7% vs 0.5%, p=0.018), longer operative duration (195 min vs 170 min, p = 0.020), and higher estimated blood loss (225 ml vs 50 ml, p CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of catastrophic events during robotic anatomical pulmonary resections was low, and the most common complication was pulmonary arterial injury. Awareness of potential intraoperative catastrophes and their management strategies are critical to improving clinical outcomes