East-West Divides and Nord Stream 2

The contentious Nord Stream 2 pipeline has revived the fundamental differences of opinion that divided the allies during the Cold War and created new inter-European tensions. A closer look at the crises in the Western alliance occasioned by the Druzhba oil pipeline in the 1960s and the Yamal-Urengoi gas pipeline in the 1980s reveals the continuity of disagreements between Europe and the US, as well as showing similar patterns of weaponizing Western technology and sanctions. If history is any guide, lessons from the past might provide an indication of how to resolve the ongoing crisis over Nord Stream 2

DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS AFTER MORDANT DYEING WITH VEGETABLE DYES IN WOOL FIBERS STRUCTURE

This paper describes a method for quantifying the content of heavy metal ions on the example of mordant dyeing with vegetable dyes thistle. As mordant used copper salts. The experimental results show that the maximum allowable concentration of copper ions in the structure of the wool fiber are within normal limits. It is shown that the methods of coloring wool fabric does not affect the mechanical properties of the fiber

Nord Stream 2 und das Energie-Sicherheitsdilemma: Chancen und Grenzen eines "Grand Bargain"

Washington und Berlin haben ihre Differenzen über Nord Stream 2 beigelegt. Damit ist zunächst einmal die Negativspirale eines Energie-Sicherheitsdilemmas angehalten, in die das Projekt geraten war. Während die Biden-Administration ein klares Signal setzt, dass ihr konstruktive Beziehungen zu Deutschland wichtig sind, ist die Bundes­regierung nun gefragt, die vereinbarten Punkte umzusetzen. Die Gaspipeline durch die Ostsee bleibt jedenfalls ein Politikum. Kiew und Warschau haben bereits deutlich gemacht, dass sie die deutsch-amerikanische Übereinkunft ablehnen. Ein "Grand Bargain" über Nord Stream 2, der nicht nur bilateral abgestimmt ist, sondern auch die Ukraine einbindet und Russland verpflichtet, ist noch nicht erreicht. (Autorenreferat

Practical Significance of Social Networks in the Work of Institutions of Additional Education with Young People

В статье представлены результаты исследования особенностей процесса саморазвития молодежи в интернете и социальных сетях, а также анализ деятельности учреждения дополнительного образования — Детско-юношеского центра «Спутник» города Екатеринбурга — в данной области.The article presents the research on youth self-development in internet and social networks, as well as an analysis of activities conducted by a supplementary education establishment, the Children and Youth Centre “Sputnik” of Ekaterinburg, in this fiel

Formation of Positive Content as a Form of Extremism Prevention in Institutions of Supplementary Education

В статье анализируется опыт работы Муниципального автономного учреждения дополнительного образования «Детско-юношеский центр “Спутник”» как субъекта системы профилактики негативных социальных явлений. Подведены итоги реализации проекта «Школа блогера», направленного на формирование позитивного контента в социальных сетях.The article analyzes the experience of the Municipal Autonomous Institution of Supplementary Education “Children’s and Youth Center ‘Sputnik’” as a subject within the system of prevention of negative social phenomena. It also summarizes the results of the project “Blogger School”, aimed at the formation of positive content in social networks

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AUTOGAGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN STUDENTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию психологических особенностей аутоагрессивного поведения у студентов медицинского ВУЗа, а так же разработке методических рекомендаций для психопрофилактических и психокоррекционных мер, предупреждающих возникновение у студентов аутоагрессивного поведения.Метод и методология проведения работы. Для оценки исследования психологических особенностей аутоагрессивного поведения у студентов мы использовали комплекс психодиагностических средств, включающий методику акцентуаций характера К. Леонгарда, методику по выявлению агрессивности и враждебности А. Басса и А. Дарки, методика дифференциальной диагностики депрессивных состояний В. Зунга. В работе были использованы математико-статистические методы обработки данных, включающий U-критерий Манна-Уитни. Обработка данных производилась с использованием компьютерной программы Statistica Standart Version 20.0.Результаты. Были обследованы следующие группы студентов: группа студентов, совершивших аутоагрессивные попытки и студенты без признаков аутоагрессии. Был проведен сравнительный анализ между двумя группами по всем параметрам использованных психодиагностических методик и были зафиксированы статистически значимые различия между этими группами. Были разработаны и предложены средства и методы по поддержанию необходимого уровня психологической устойчивости молодых людей, что дополнит содержание психологической работы с ними в учебных и медико-социальных учреждениях и позволит усилить систему первичной психопрофилактики, которая ориентирована на уменьшение тенденций к проявлению аутоагрессивного поведения.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут применяться в дальнейших исследованиях по данной теме, так же результаты исследования могут быть использованы в лекционной и психопрофилактической работе в образовательных учреждениях.Purpose. Article is devoted to a research of psychological features of autoagressivny behavior at students of medical school, and also development of methodical recommendations for the psychopreventive and psychocorrectional measures preventing emergence at students of autoagressivny behavior.Method and methodology of carrying out work. For an assessment of a research of psychological features of autoagressivny behavior at students we used the complex of psychodiagnostic means including a technique of aktsentuation of character of K. Leongard, a method of detection of aggression and A. Bass and A. Darki’s hostility, a technique of differential diagnosis of depressions of V. Zunga. In work mathematico-statistical methods of data processing, the including Mann-Whitney’s U-criterion have been used. Data processing was made with use of the computer Statistica Standart Version 20.0 program.Results. The following groups of students have been examined: group of the students who have made autoagressivny attempts and students without autoaggression signs. The comparative analysis between two groups in all respects of the used psychodiagnostic techniques has been carried out and statistically significant distinctions between these groups have been recorded. Means and methods on maintenance of necessary level of psychological stability of young people have been developed and offered that will add the content of psychological work with them in educational and medico-social institutions and will allow to strengthen system of primary psychoprevention which is focused on reduction of tendencies to manifestation of autoagressivny behavior.Scope of results. Results can be applied in further researches on this subject, also results of a research can be used in lecture and psychoscheduled maintenance in educational institutions

EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN MEDICAL HIGH SCHOOL (AT EXAMPLE OF THE ASTRAKHAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY)

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию адаптации студентов-иностранцев, а так же оценке эффективности программы психологического сопровождения студентов-иностранцев к учебному процессу в медицинском ВУЗе (на примере Астраханского ГМУ).Метод и методология проведения работы. Для оценки эффективности программы психологического сопровождения мы использовали комплекс психодиагностических средств, включающий методику определения стрессоустойчивости и социальной адаптации Холмса и Раге, методику диагностики уровня эмоционального выгорания (В.В. Бойко,) методика «уровень соотношения «ценности» и «доступности» в различных жизненных сферах» (Е.Б. Фанталова), методику «Индикатор копинг-стратегий» (Д. Амирхан), тренинг, направленный на поиск антистрессовых стратегий, снятия эмоционального напряжения, формирования эмоциональной устойчивости, осознания собственных стереотипных деструктивных способов провокации стрессовых ситуаций, повышения самоуважения.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что проанализировав все результаты диагностики можно сделать вывод о том, что после реализации программы психологического сопровождения студентов-иностранцев, состоящего из диагностического, конструирующего и реализующего этапов, явилась положительная динамика изменений в эмоциональной, когнитивной, поведенческой компонентах личности студента. Овладение копинг-стратегиями повлияло на мотивационную направленность студентов-иностранцев, улучшило их общее психологическое состояние.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут применяться в последующих исследованиях по данной теме, апробированная программа психологического сопровождения может широко использоваться в учреждениях высшего образования не только медицинского профиля, но и других профессиональных направлений.Purpose. Article is devoted to a research of adaptation of students foreigners, and also an efficiency evaluation of the program of psychological escort of students foreigners to educational process in medical school (on the example of the Astrakhan GMU).Method and methodology of carrying out work. For an efficiency evaluation of the program of psychological maintenance we used the complex of psychodiagnostic means including a technique of determination of resistance to stress and Holmes and Rage’s social adaptation, a technique of diagnostics of level of emotional burning out (V. V. Boyko) a technique “the level of a ratio of “value” and “availability” in various vital spheres” (E.B. Fantalov), a technique “The indicator of koping-strategy” (D. Amirkhan), the training sent to search for antistress strategy, removals of emotional pressure, forming of emotional stability, understanding of own stereotypic destructive methods of provocation of stressful situations, increases in self-esteem.Results. Results of work are that having analysed all results of diagnostics it is possible to draw a conclusion that after a program implementation of the psychological escort of students foreigners consisting from diagnostic, designing and the implementing stages, positive dynamics of changes in emotional, cognitive, behavioural components of the identity of the student was. Mastering koping-strategy affected a motivational orientation of students foreigners, improved their general psychological state.Scope of results. Results can be applied in the subsequent researches on this subject, the approved program of psychological maintenance can widely be used in institutions of higher education not only a medical profile, but also other professional directions

THE PROGNOSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAROXYSM OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH POST-INFARCTION CARDIOSCLEROSIS

Aim. Create an algorithm predicting the risk of development of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary heart disease on the background of post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS).Material and Methods. There was conducted the deep analysis of a number of laboratory and functional indicators (indicators of peroxidation of proteins, lipids, antioxidant protection and skin microcirculation) at 85 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). All patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with paroxysmal and chronic AF without PICS (27 people), patients with paroxysmal and chronic AF with PICS (12), patients with permanent AF without PICS (26) and patients with permanent form of AF with PICS (20). Results. There was created the mathematical model to predict the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS with calculation of the odds ratio of atrial fibrillation. Methods of correlation and factor analysis revealed the greatest value for the prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS two factors: the total level of deep oxidation products of protein and an indicator of microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry. The diagnostic sensitivity of the developed prognostic model was 86%, specificity of the test – 94%, the diagnostic efficiency of the test – 90%.Conclusion. The study has been proven clinical diagnostic and prognostic value of a comprehensive study of indicators of oxidation-reduction reactions, and the microcirculation indices in combination with standard laboratory and instrumental investigations in patients with AF. The developed mathematical model allows to predict the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS

Individual Dose Calculations with Use of the Revised Techa River Dosimetry System TRDS-2009D

An updated deterministic version of the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS-2009D) has been developed to estimate individual doses from external exposure and intake of radionuclides for residents living on the Techa River contaminated as a result of radioactive releases from the Mayak plutonium facility in 1949–1956. The TRDS-2009D is designed as a flexible system that uses, depending on the input data for an individual, various elements of system databases to provide the dosimetric variables requested by the user. Several phases are included in the computation schedule. The first phase includes calculations with use of a common protocol for all cohort members based on village-average-intake functions and external dose rates; individual data on age, gender and history of residence are included in the first phase. This phase results in dose estimates similar to those obtained with system TRDS-2000 used previously to derive risks of health effects in the Techa River Cohort. The second phase includes refinement of individual internal doses for those persons who have had body-burden measurements or exposure parameters specific to the household where he/she lived on the Techa River. The third phase includes summation of individual doses from environmental exposure and from radiological examinations. The results of TRDS-2009D dose calculations have demonstrated for the ETRC members on average a moderate increase in RBM dose estimates (34%) and a minor increase (5%) in estimates of stomach dose. The calculations for the members of the ETROC indicated similar small changes for stomach, but significant increase in RBM doses (400%). Individual-dose assessments performed with use of TRDS-2009D have been provided to epidemiologists for exploratory risk analysis in the ETRC and ETROC. These data provide an opportunity to evaluate the possible impact on radiogenic risk of such factors as confounding exposure (environmental and medical), changes in the Techa River source-term data and the change of the approach to individual internal dose estimation (90Sr-body burden measurements and family correlations vs. village averages). Our further plan is to upgrade the TRDS-2009D and to complete a stochastic version of the dosimetry system