A Comparative Analysis of the Business Models of Uber and Didi under Sharing Economy Background

With the development of ‘Internet +’, a new business model the Sharing Economy is booming，which as a revolutionary power to overthrow the business modes of traditional industries. The development of sharing economy has unique advantages and urgent reality in China. Therefore, based on the current situation of sharing economy, this paper analyzes and contrasts the business models of Uber and the Didi by using Johnson and Christensen's ‘Four Elements’business model，concludes business model of sharing economy should have certain characteristics, such as advocated sharing concept, setting up the Internet platform, providing personalized service, establishing the trust mechanism, the supply and demand matching reshaped.Finally, this paper provides comprehensive suggestions for the better development of Chinese enterprises under the sharing economy: enterprises should know their own advantages, not blindly copying the world's leading enterprises, and make effort to build a new model with Chinese characteristics to sharing economy; create "Internet platform + cooperation partner + customers†model and seek cross-border collaboration; In-depth understanding and analysis the macro and micro-environment of international market, seeking cooperation with foreign domestic enterprise, to speed up enterprises to "go out"

The Role of Organizational Strategies, Social Support, and Technological Capabilities in International Marketing Channel Performance

Information communication technologies increase the competitive intensity among organizations. The only way to get a sustainable competitive advantage is to focus on their resources, and capabilities to establish, and implement effective strategies to increase international marketing channel performance (IMCP). The target population of this study is the food industry in Pakistan, and the sample size is 400. Data has been collected through survey method based on an adapted questionnaire. Data has been analyzed through partial least square – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Results showed that validity and reliability of data, and organizational strategies (OS) focused on relationship strategies (RS) and marketing integration strategies (MIS) has positive and significant effect on IMCP. Whereas, technological capabilities (TC) has moderated and significant effect between OS and IMCP. Furthermore, social support (SS) has insignificant effect.  This study has theoretical and practical significance. Because this study opens the new horizons in literature and provide guidelines to align their strategies with their capabilities to gain sustainable competitive advantage, which will improve their IMCP.Â

The Role of Organizational Strategies, Social Support, and Technological Capabilities in International Marketing Channel Performance

Information communication technologies increase the competitive intensity among organizations. The only way to get a sustainable competitive advantage is to focus on their resources, and capabilities to establish, and implement effective strategies to increase international marketing channel performance (IMCP). The target population of this study is the food industry in Pakistan, and the sample size is 400. Data has been collected through survey method based on an adapted questionnaire. Data has been analyzed through partial least square – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Results showed that validity and reliability of data, and organizational strategies (OS) focused on relationship strategies (RS) and marketing integration strategies (MIS) has positive and significant effect on IMCP. Whereas, technological capabilities (TC) has moderated and significant effect between OS and IMCP. Furthermore, social support (SS) has insignificant effect.  This study has theoretical and practical significance. Because this study opens the new horizons in literature and provide guidelines to align their strategies with their capabilities to gain sustainable competitive advantage, which will improve their IMCP.

CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO BUY FOREIGN PRODUCTS: EFFECTS OF CONSUMER ANIMOSITY AND ETHNOCENTRISM

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of animosity on consumer’s willingness to buy foreign products. Animosity can be a vital force to decide whether to buy a foreign product or not.  This research paper is about measuring and quantifying the animosity of people of china towards Japanese products in general. Additionally, it is quite evident from previous researches, that people of china have a special grudge against Japanese, after world war II. Previous studies in this regard were conducted in one or few cities of china, this research aimed to collect data from multiple cities, in order to generalize the concept.  To discuss in detail, whether people from different parts of china consider this animosity against Japanese products or not. In addition, this study also highlighted a new construct i.e. perceived quality. What will happen if a Chinese consumer have to decide between animosity and better quality of Japanese product?  To conduct this investigation, the study is undertaken in China where the Chinese consumers’ animosity towards the Japanese was examined. The data with a usable sample size of 435 were collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing.  Findings of the study revealed that, people in china still have high level of animosity towards Japanese products. And even at times, products with high quality are being ignored because of its Japanese background. Most important and consistent to current literature, results showed that, consumer animosity as a higher order construct which is indicated by economic animosity and war animosity.  Those parts of china where we found an extreme animosity, ethnocentrism couldn’t play a significant role to affect the other constructs in the animosity model. Animosity can be a result of any event or mishap, but will it stay the same after so many years? irrespective of the quality of product, this is what, this paper tends to highlight.Â

ROLE OF BRAND LOYALTY IN BUILDING BRAN EQUITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONSUMER INVOLVEMENT LEVELS

Although the concept of brand loyalty and equity in recent times has evolved one of the dominant phenomena of brand management, yet the picture is incomplete without considering the role of consumer involvement levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate significant antecedents of brand loyalty, and its role in building brand equity, relationships are also measured by conducting comparative analysis of consumer involvement levels. The self-administered survey and regression analysis used to measure relationships of variables. The findings showed significant and positive relationship of perceived quality, brand trust, and customer satisfaction with brand loyalty, and highly significant and positive impact of brand loyalty is found in building brand equity. Significant differences are found between high and low involvement settings. This research will provide exceptional learning opportunities for brand managers and scholars alike, through empirical verifying the relationships of variables, by using two brands of different consumer involvement levels.Â

The Impact of Taxpayer Perception on Tax Compliance moderated by adoption of e-tax system

The underlying study focuses on investigating that if the impact of taxpayer perceptions have on tax compliance with moderating impact of adopting of e-tax system in Pakistan where Fairness perception, tax knowledge and tax complexity are taken as Independent variables, implementation of e-tax system as a moderating variable and tax compliance as dependent variable. Following a deductive approach, this research study has collected data through self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 163 subjects selected on the basis of convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed through SPSS and multiple regression technique has been applied on the data. The outcomes suggest that fairness perceptions and tax compliance have direct relationship. The findings of the study suggest that the moderation relationship between the variable named adoption of e-tax system and tax perceptions and tax compliance is insignificant. Besides this, tax knowledge and tax complexity does not have a significant positive impact on tax compliance in Pakistan

The Impact of Taxpayer Perception on Tax Compliance moderated by adoption of e-tax system

The underlying study focuses on investigating that if the impact of taxpayer perceptions have on tax compliance with moderating impact of adopting of e-tax system in Pakistan where Fairness perception, tax knowledge and tax complexity are taken as Independent variables, implementation of e-tax system as a moderating variable and tax compliance as dependent variable. Following a deductive approach, this research study has collected data through self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 163 subjects selected on the basis of convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed through SPSS and multiple regression technique has been applied on the data. The outcomes suggest that fairness perceptions and tax compliance have direct relationship. The findings of the study suggest that the moderation relationship between the variable named adoption of e-tax system and tax perceptions and tax compliance is insignificant. Besides this, tax knowledge and tax complexity does not have a significant positive impact on tax compliance in Pakistan

Estimation of Laffer Curve: Evidence from Pakistan

Laffer curve is a tradeoff between tax cuts and tax revenues. The sketch of Laffer curve was drawn by Arther Laffer at a dinner with his friends on his napkin that reduction in taxes will increase tax revenues. Lafer curve explained that lower tax rate could encourage an additional output and it would increase income, which builds bigger tax base in an economy. In this research we have estimated the Laffer curve on the basis of Taxes on goods and services for Pakistan economy for the period of 1990 to 2016. Time series data have been collected from the world economic data base. Results explained that all the variables are significant and signs of coefficients are in accordance with the theory. Results confirm that Laffer curve is alive in Pakistan economy but its existence is in the prohibited area of Laffer curve. It is suggested that plans of taxation should be modified in such a way that maximum number of people could bring under the tax brackets. The taxation structure of the economy should ensure to lower the indirect taxes, encourage the progressive taxes and elasticity of taxation should be increased. The pattern of taxation should be encouraged after introducing some sort of incentives such as relief in the income tax and higher bank deposit rates should be realize

Impact of Network Channel on Organizational Performance through Radio Frequency Identification; Mediating role of Competition

Distribution concept was the origin of marketing. Every organization has realized that they can enhance their performance through strengthen their network channels and through the adaptation of new, Radio-frequency identification (RFID), technology. In this study, the relationship between network channel and organizational performance has been established. RFID technology is focused to strengthen network channel to gain competitive advantage, which will result to enhance organizational performance. The nature of this study is correlation based on deductive approach and quantitative nature through survey method based on the adoptive questionnaire. The population of this study is retail industry in China. The sample size is 100 with random sampling technique is used. The results from this study show that network channel affect organizational performance while the competition plays the mediating effect and radio-frequency identification technology play the moderated effect on the relationship between network channel and organizational performance. This study will improve organizational performance in retail industry and will reduce the cost of network channel, which will result to increase organizational performance

A Comparative Analysis of the Business Models of Uber and Didi under Sharing Economy Background

With the development of ‘Internet +’, a new business model the Sharing Economy is booming，which as a revolutionary power to overthrow the business modes of traditional industries. The development of sharing economy has unique advantages and urgent reality in China. Therefore, based on the current situation of sharing economy, this paper analyzes and contrasts the business models of Uber and the Didi by using Johnson and Christensen's ‘Four Elements’business model，concludes business model of sharing economy should have certain characteristics, such as advocated sharing concept, setting up the Internet platform, providing personalized service, establishing the trust mechanism, the supply and demand matching reshaped.Finally, this paper provides comprehensive suggestions for the better development of Chinese enterprises under the sharing economy: enterprises should know their own advantages, not blindly copying the world's leading enterprises, and make effort to build a new model with Chinese characteristics to sharing economy; create "Internet platform + cooperation partner + customers” model and seek cross-border collaboration; In-depth understanding and analysis the macro and micro-environment of international market, seeking cooperation with foreign domestic enterprise, to speed up enterprises to "go out"