Investigating the frequency of skin manifestation in newborns admitted to a Children's Hospital in the North of Iran

Skin manifestations, a common problem in infants, can be a serious concern for parents. Most manifestations are benign and transient, but some of them need more evaluation regarding whether they can negatively affect infant health. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the frequency of skin manifestation in newborns admitted to the department of newborns and NICU from 2019 to 2020. This cross-sectional was performed on infants hospitalized in the department of pediatrics and NICU of a pediatric hospital in Guilan, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. The sampling was performed using the census method. The information was gathered using a checklist of infant and mother characteristics. Out of 323 newborns, 164 cases had skin lesions (50.8%). The lesions of Erythema toxicum, Cutis marmorata, Diaper dermatitis, Milia, salmon patch, and Mongolian spots were presented at 14.9%, 9.9%, 8.1%, 5.6%, 4.3%, and 2.8%, respectively. Only 5.38% of infants required treatment. There was no significant relationship between skin lesions and demographic factors of gestational age, type of delivery, or the family history of dermatological diseases. The rate of skin lesions was moderate to high in hospitalized newborns. In addition, Erythema toxicum, Cutis marmorata, Diaper dermatitis, Salmon patch, and Mongolian spots were more prevalent in infants. These findings can help pediatric physicians effectively in their early diagnosis and therapeutic procedures

Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis: A Case-Control Study

Several autoimmune papulosquamous skin conditions such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematous, and lichen planus have been associated with vitamin D deficiency or correlated with serum vitamin D level. This study was aimed at comparing the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in patients with facial or scalp seborrheic dermatitis with healthy subjects. This case-control study included 289 patients (118 with psoriasis and 171 sex- and age-matched control subjects) from the outpatient clinic of two hospital dermatology departments in the west of Mazandaran province, Iran. All patients and control subjects were studied during one season to avoid seasonal variations in vitamin D levels. Serum mean ± standard deviation of 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in seborrheic dermatitis patients than in control subjects (20.71 ± 8.16 vs. 23.91 ± 7.78, P = 0.007). Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with the risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR): 0.898, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.840–0.960, P = 0.002). Also, vitamin D under 30 ng/ml was associated with OR: 4.22 (95% Cl: 1.077–16.534, P = 0.039) for seborrheic dermatitis. The severity of scalp disease was significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.003). Cases with severe scalp scores had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level compared to moderate OR score (P = 0.036). A similar trend was not seen in the facial disease. The 25(OH)D values are significantly lower in seborrheic dermatitis patients than in healthy subjects. Furthermore, the scalp disease severity was associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level. Our results may suggest that vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis

Erythema gyratum repense like eruption in bullous pemphigoid: A case report

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by presence of bullous eruption on the trunk and extremities especially flexural aspects of the limbs. This disease usually occurs in the elderly. The initial presentation of BP is variable. An urticarial or erythematous rash may precede the appearance of the blister formation and can be associated with itch or pruritus. We presented 87 year old bedridden man diagnosed with BP who initially presented with erythema gyratum repens like eruption before blister formation. This case report discusses the presentation of figurate erythema in non-bullous phase of BP for clinicians

A case of pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis A case of pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis with a brief review of literature

Rarely pemphigus foliaceus could be associated with generalized pustular psoriasis. A 66-year-old woman with diffuse flaccid bullae and erosions of pemphigus foliaceus underwent two sessions of pulse therapy of corticosteroid and oral prednisolone during the interval time. Two weeks after the second session of pulse therapy with improvement of the lesions, during tapered dosage of oral prednisolone, facial annular erythematous lesions appeared and were superimposed by generalized pustular eruptions. Skin biopsy of pustular lesions showed pustular psoriasis so intramuscular methotrexate was added. Two years later, during decreasing dosage of methotrexate and prednisolone, she had eruptive recurrence of pustules and flaccid bullae associated with erythroderma and fever which were controlled with increasing dosage of corticosteroid and starting oral retinoid. These hypotheses may explain co-occurring pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis: decreasing dosage of corticosteroid, interleukin-8 overproduction in keratinocytes and increased activity of plasminogen activator in skin lesions

A case of pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis A case of pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis with a brief review of literature

Rarely pemphigus foliaceus could be associated with generalized pustular psoriasis. A 66-year-old woman with diffuse flaccid bullae and erosions of pemphigus foliaceus underwent two sessions of pulse therapy of corticosteroid and oral prednisolone during the interval time. Two weeks after the second session of pulse therapy with improvement of the lesions, during tapered dosage of oral prednisolone, facial annular erythematous lesions appeared and were superimposed by generalized pustular eruptions. Skin biopsy of pustular lesions showed pustular psoriasis so intramuscular methotrexate was added. Two years later, during decreasing dosage of methotrexate and prednisolone, she had eruptive recurrence of pustules and flaccid bullae associated with erythroderma and fever which were controlled with increasing dosage of corticosteroid and starting oral retinoid. These hypotheses may explain co-occurring pemphigus foliaceus and pustular psoriasis: decreasing dosage of corticosteroid, interleukin-8 overproduction in keratinocytes and increased activity of plasminogen activator in skin lesions

Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Patients with Cherry Angioma: A Case-Control Study in Guilan, Iran

Background. Cherry angioma is the most common type of acquired cutaneous vascular proliferation which would increase with aging due to some angiogenic factors but the exact pathogenesis is unknown. Usually angiogenic factors are synthesized in human body to compensate occlusive effects of atherogenic agents such as serum lipids. Our hypothesis was that increased levels of these angiogenic factors could be a trigger for development of cherry angioma. This study has been designed to compare frequency of dyslipidemia in subjects with and without cutaneous cherry angioma. Methods. In this case-control study, 122 cases with cherry angioma and 122 control subjects without cherry angioma were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, number of the cherry angioma lesions, and serum lipid profile were collected for all subjects. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results. Mean levels of the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were higher in patients with cherry angioma compared to control subjects in which differences were significant for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride (P<0.05) but not for high-density lipoprotein level. Conclusion. Serum lipids may have a role in producing angiogenic factors and development of cherry angioma and it seems logical to evaluate lipid profile in these cases