72 research outputs found
Systematic review of the clinical development of group B streptococcus serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide-based vaccines
<p><b>Introduction</b>: Vaccination against group B S<i>treptococcus</i> (GBS) during pregnancy could provide protection against disease in the mother, fetus, and newborn. Immunity through transplacental acquired antibodies in the newborns could persist through early infancy, reducing the risk of early-onset (<7 days age) and late-onset (7–89 days age) disease. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials on GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS) vaccine to assess its safety and immunogenicity in pregnant and nonpregnant adults.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: We searched literature databases PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and the Cochrane library and identified 25 unique records on GBS CPS vaccines with or without conjugant protein.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: GBS vaccines were well tolerated, with mild local reactogenicity being the main solicited adverse event and no difference in reporting of other serious adverse events compared to placebo recipients. CPS vaccines conjugated to immunogenic proteins induced ≥fourfold increase of serotype-specific antibodies with high longevity (1–2 years); and capable of promoting homotypic GBS opsonophagocytic killing. Feto-maternal transplacental antibody ratio of serotype-specific IgG ranged between 0.49 and 0.81. The clinical relevance of these immunogenicity studies, however, need to be weighed against a correlate of protection against invasive GBS disease in infants, which is yet to be established using a universally accepted standardized assay.</p
Demographics of the study population at time of enrolment (n = 661).
a<p>Data are no (%) of total participants, <sup>b,c</sup>Data are row %.</p
Serotype distribution among maternal and newborn colonizing Group B streptococcus isolates.
1<p>Molecular serotype identification by PCR was done by primers targeting serotypes 1a to V.</p
Predictive value for 20–25, 26–30 and 31–35 weeks cultures in relation to culture status at 37+ weeks.
<p>PPV: Positive predictive value, NPV: Negative predictive value, CI-Confidence interval.</p
Association of pilus island proteins and serotypes among Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates.
<p>Association of pilus island proteins and serotypes among Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates.</p
Serotype distribution among invasive disease isolates from early onset (EOS; <7 days of age), late onset diseases (LOD; 7 to 90 days of age) and in children older than 90 days.
1<p>Figure in squared parenthesis indicates number of isolates which were serologically non-reactive but typed by PCR.</p>2<p>Figure in rounded parenthesis is a percentage.</p
Demographic characteristic of infants with invasive Group B streptococcus disease.
<p>Demographic characteristic of infants with invasive Group B streptococcus disease.</p
Independent risk factors for mortality in children <24 months hospitalized with LRTI, by HIV status.
<p>Independent risk factors for mortality in children <24 months hospitalized with LRTI, by HIV status.</p
Description and univariate analysis of risk factors for mortality among HIV non-infected and HIV-infected children <24 months of age hospitalized with LRTI.
<p>*<i>p<0.20;</i></p><p>**<i>p<0.05.</i></p>†<p>
<i>Missing observations for >10%;</i></p
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