Hydroconversion of Methyl Laurate as a Model Compound to Hydrocarbons on Bifunctional Ni₂P/SAPO-11: Simultaneous Comparison with the Performance of Ni/SAPO-11

The bifunctional Ni₂P/SAPO-11 was tested for the hydroconversion (involving deoxygenation and hydroisomerization) of methyl laurate as a model compound to hydrocarbons. The influences of reaction conditions, catalyst stability, and catalyst deactivation were investigated. For comparison, the performance of Ni/SAPO-11 was also examined. The result shows that the increase of temperature and the deceases of weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and H₂ pressure favored the conversion of methyl laurate meanwhile promoted the decarbonylation and hydroisomerization as well as cracking reactions. Apart from the Ni sites that were dominating for deoxygenation, the acid sites also affected the deoxygenation pathway. Due to more medium strength acid sites, Ni/SAPO-11 gave higher selectivity to isoalkanes and more preferentially catalyzed the hydrodeoxygenation pathway to produce the C12 hydrocarbons than Ni₂P/SAPO-11. During the test for 101 h, Ni₂P/SAPO-11 exhibited greatly superior stability to Ni/SAPO-11 for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate, while both Ni₂P/SAPO-11 and Ni/SAPO-11 were deactivated for the hydroisomerization. Under the condition of 360 °C, 3.0 MPa, WHSV of 2 h^–1, and H₂/methyl laurate molar ratio of 25, the conversion of methyl laurate was close to 100% and the total selectivity to isoundecane and isododecane decreased from 36.9% to 28.6% on Ni₂P/SAPO-11. To explore the catalyst deactivation, the fresh and the used catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and N₂ adsorption–desorption. The sintering of Ni particles and carbonaceous deposit contribute to inferior stability of Ni/SAPO-11 for both deoxygenation and hydroisomerization, while no obvious sintering of Ni₂P particles took place and the carbonaceous deposit mainly led to the loss of the activity for hydroisomerization on Ni₂P/SAPO-11. We propose that carbonaceous deposit mostly formed on the acid sites that are indispensible for hydroisomerization

Additional file 3: of Epstein-Barr virus positive peripheral T cell lymphoma with novel variants in STAT5B of a pediatric patient: a case report

Figure S2. PET-CT images of the patients. This figure shows PET-CT results of the patient (pre-treatment, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy and after 8 cycles of chemotherapy). A: Pre-treatment PET-CT showed multiple lesions in subcutaneous tissue, muscle et al. B: PET-CT after 2 cycles of SMILE regimen, DS = 5. C: PET-CT after 8 cycles of modified SMILE regimen, complete remission. (TIFF 5450 kb

Additional file 4: of Epstein-Barr virus positive peripheral T cell lymphoma with novel variants in STAT5B of a pediatric patient: a case report

Table S1. Summary of pediatric EBV + PTCL cases. This table shows the clinical features and outcomes of the published pediatric EBV + PTCL cases. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 1: of Epstein-Barr virus positive peripheral T cell lymphoma with novel variants in STAT5B of a pediatric patient: a case report

Figure S1. IgH, IgK and TCR rearrangement. This figure shows results of IgH, IgK and TCR rearrangement. A: IgH and IgÎş testing: No obvious clonal peak was detected (The peak in blue is normal according to the testing instruction). B: TCRÎł testing: Clonal peak was detected (The peak in green). (TIFF 4875 kb

Additional file 5: of Epstein-Barr virus positive peripheral T cell lymphoma with novel variants in STAT5B of a pediatric patient: a case report

Table S2. The clinicopathological difference in ENKTL, STLC and our case. This table shows 2 main kinds diseases which should be considered as differential diagnosis and summarizes the key points in differentiation. (DOCX 15 kb

Additional file 2: of Epstein-Barr virus positive peripheral T cell lymphoma with novel variants in STAT5B of a pediatric patient: a case report

STAT5B variant investigation by Sanger Sequencing. This file provides the method of STAT5B variant investigation by Sanger Sequencing in details. (DOCX 13 kb

DataSheet_1_High CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes indicate severe exhaustion and poor prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.docx

BackgroundExhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in AITL and its influence on prognosis.MethodsThe correlation between CD8+TILs and IC expression in AITL was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 2), flow cytometry (n = 20), and RNA sequencing (n = 20). Biological changes related to CD8+TILs exhaustion at different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels (mean expression levels of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1) in AITL were evaluated using RNA sequencing (n = 20) and further validated using the GEO dataset (n = 51). The impact of CD8 protein expression and CTL levels on patient prognosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the higher the infiltration of CD8+TILs, the higher was the proportion of exhausted CD8+TILs characterized by the overexpression of multiple IC. This was accompanied by extensive exhaustion-related biological changes, which suggested severe exhaustion in CD8+TILs and may be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with high CD8+TILs and CTL.ConclusionOur study comprehensively reveals the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs and their potential negative impact on AITL prognosis, which facilitates further mechanistic studies and is valuable for guiding immunotherapy strategies.</p

Image_1_High CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes indicate severe exhaustion and poor prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.jpeg

BackgroundExhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in AITL and its influence on prognosis.MethodsThe correlation between CD8+TILs and IC expression in AITL was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 2), flow cytometry (n = 20), and RNA sequencing (n = 20). Biological changes related to CD8+TILs exhaustion at different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels (mean expression levels of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1) in AITL were evaluated using RNA sequencing (n = 20) and further validated using the GEO dataset (n = 51). The impact of CD8 protein expression and CTL levels on patient prognosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the higher the infiltration of CD8+TILs, the higher was the proportion of exhausted CD8+TILs characterized by the overexpression of multiple IC. This was accompanied by extensive exhaustion-related biological changes, which suggested severe exhaustion in CD8+TILs and may be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with high CD8+TILs and CTL.ConclusionOur study comprehensively reveals the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs and their potential negative impact on AITL prognosis, which facilitates further mechanistic studies and is valuable for guiding immunotherapy strategies.</p

DataSheet_2_High CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes indicate severe exhaustion and poor prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.xlsx

BackgroundExhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in AITL and its influence on prognosis.MethodsThe correlation between CD8+TILs and IC expression in AITL was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 2), flow cytometry (n = 20), and RNA sequencing (n = 20). Biological changes related to CD8+TILs exhaustion at different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels (mean expression levels of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1) in AITL were evaluated using RNA sequencing (n = 20) and further validated using the GEO dataset (n = 51). The impact of CD8 protein expression and CTL levels on patient prognosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the higher the infiltration of CD8+TILs, the higher was the proportion of exhausted CD8+TILs characterized by the overexpression of multiple IC. This was accompanied by extensive exhaustion-related biological changes, which suggested severe exhaustion in CD8+TILs and may be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with high CD8+TILs and CTL.ConclusionOur study comprehensively reveals the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs and their potential negative impact on AITL prognosis, which facilitates further mechanistic studies and is valuable for guiding immunotherapy strategies.</p

Image_3_High CD8+tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes indicate severe exhaustion and poor prognosis in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.jpeg

BackgroundExhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression of immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs in AITL and its influence on prognosis.MethodsThe correlation between CD8+TILs and IC expression in AITL was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 2), flow cytometry (n = 20), and RNA sequencing (n = 20). Biological changes related to CD8+TILs exhaustion at different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) levels (mean expression levels of CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB, and PRF1) in AITL were evaluated using RNA sequencing (n = 20) and further validated using the GEO dataset (n = 51). The impact of CD8 protein expression and CTL levels on patient prognosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that the higher the infiltration of CD8+TILs, the higher was the proportion of exhausted CD8+TILs characterized by the overexpression of multiple IC. This was accompanied by extensive exhaustion-related biological changes, which suggested severe exhaustion in CD8+TILs and may be one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of patients with high CD8+TILs and CTL.ConclusionOur study comprehensively reveals the exhaustion status of CD8+TILs and their potential negative impact on AITL prognosis, which facilitates further mechanistic studies and is valuable for guiding immunotherapy strategies.</p