Research on Water Resource Problems of Capital Economic Circle Based on Circular Economy

Capital Economic Circle that is located in north of China belongs to water resources shortage regions. The per capita water of it is only 1/7 of the per capita water of the whole country, and 1/30 of the per capita water of the whole world. Thus water resources problems become one of the key factors that restrict regional development. According to the analysis of water resources situation in Capital Economic Circle, in this paper we find out some main problems existing in regional water resources utilization. These water problems contain a series of water resource problems, such as water environment, water ecology, and water disaster. Finally, based on the theory of circular economy, the proposals on developing recycling economy of water resources are put forward

Simulation Study of Snake

Abstract: The snake-like robot is composed of nine joints and the robot is proposed in this study. The serpentine locomotion mechanism of snake-like robot is studied and its moving model is established in the multi body system dynamics simulation the Software Recurdyn. The joint angle functions of serpentine locomotion are set up. We add some restrictions for model in Recurdyn and set moving angle function's influence on the winding movement of the snake snake-like robot can complete the serpentine locomotion set befor

Wnt3a: functions and implications in cancer

Abstract Wnt3a, one of Wnt family members, plays key roles in regulating pleiotropic cellular functions, including self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Wnt3a promotes or suppresses tumor progression via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway depending on cancer type. In addition, the roles of Wnt3a signaling can be inhibited by multiple proteins or chemicals. Herein, we summarize the latest findings on Wnt3a as an important therapeutic target in cancer.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113235/1/40880_2015_Article_52.pd

Effects of Neuropeptide Substance P on Proliferation and β-Cell Differentiation of Adult Pancreatic Ductal Cells

Purpose: The pancreas is innervated by sensory nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The classical neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, and some kind of neuropeptides are contained in the terminals of these nerves. Neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) co-released from the primary sensory fibers have been identified as the key neurotransmitters in pancreas. Pancreatic ductal epithelium cells are one of the important sources of the pancreatic islet β-cell neogenesis. We hypothesized that SP and CGRP might play a role on proliferation of ductal cells and differentiation of ductal cells toward the β-cell neogenesis.Methods: Primary ductal cells of rat pancreas at the third passage (P3) were used. The identification of P3 cells were confirmed with flow cytometry analysis and immunostaining by CK19 (the ductal cell marker). Proliferation of ductal cells was verified by CCK-8 assay and Ki67 immunostaining. Differentiation of ductal cells was determined with immunostaining and flow cytometry. Possible mechanism was explored by testing the key proteins of Wnt signaling using Western blot analysis.Results: Our data showed that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of ductal cells. Moreover, NK-1 receptor antagonist L-703,606 blocked the SP-induced stimulation of proliferation. The results of Western blot analysis showed that L-703,606 attenuated the effects of substance P on NK1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression. However, SP did not directly induce the differentiation of ductal cells into β-cells, and did not promote the progression of ductal cells to differentiate into more insulin-produced cells in induction medium.Conclusions: These findings suggested that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of adult pancreatic ductal cells. SP promoted proliferation of ductal cells but not differentiation into β-cells. NK1R and Wnt signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism of promoting the proliferation of ductal cells by SP. Findings in this study indicated the lack of SP might be a possible indicator for the initial of diabetes. SP could also be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes

The Expressing Patterns of Opioid Peptides, Anti-opioid Peptides and Their Receptors in the Central Nervous System Are Involved in Electroacupuncture Tolerance in Goats

To investigate dynamic processes of enkephalin (ENK), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), orphanin FQ (OFQ) and their receptors (μ opioid receptor, MOR; CCK B type receptor, CCKBR and opioid receptor-like 1 receptor, OPRL1) in the central nerve system (CNS) during electroacupuncture (EA) tolerance, EA of Sixty Hz was used to stimulate goats for 6 h. Pain threshold was measured using potassium iontophoresis. The expression levels of ENK, CCK-8, and OFQ and their receptors were determined with ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The results showed that the change rates of pain threshold in EA-treated goats decreased from 89.9 ± 11.7% at 0.5 h to –11.4 ± 8.9% at 6 h. EA induced the decreased ENK and increased CCK-8 and OFQ in the most measured nuclei. EA caused decreased preproenkephalin mRNAs in ACB, CAU, PVH, and PAG at 4 h, and decreased or unchanged MOR mRNAs at 2–6 h, but increased CCK mRNAs in CAU, PVT, PVH, PAG, and SCD at 4–12 h. Increased prepronociceptin mRNAs and fluctuated CCKBR and OPLR1 mRNAs were found in the most measured nuclei. ENK levels were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the change rates of pain thresholds in the measured nuclei or areas while CCK-8 levels (or OFQ levels) were negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with the pain thresholds in CAU (or CAU and ACB). These results suggest that the development and recovery of EA tolerance may be associated with the specific expression patterns of opioid peptides, anti-opioid peptides and their receptors in the analgesia-related nuclei or areas

Compound Bieshe Kang’ai inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells

Purpose: To study the effect of Compound Bieshe Kang’ai (CBK) on proliferation and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.Methods: HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and FHs 74 Int intestinal cells were treated with CBK, followed by determination of cell proliferation with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities as well as protein expressions of Bcl-2 and BAX, and mRNA levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and BAX in HCT116 cells were evaluated, followed by examination of the morphological alterations of HCT116 cells with Hoechst 33342 staining.Results: CBK suppressed proliferation of HCT116 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent pattern, without cytotoxicity to FHs 74 Int cells. CBK also elevated caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities, mitigated protein translation of Bcl-2 and augmented that of BAX. It also enhanced mRNA transcriptions of caspase-9, caspase-3 and BAX, but decreased that of Bcl-2 in HCT116 cells in a  concentrationdependent manner, as well as induced cancer cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation.Conclusion: The findings highlight CBK as a promising therapeutic agent for colorectal cancers, by retarding proliferation and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.Keywords: Apoptosis, BAX, Bcl-2, Cancer, Caspase, Compound Bieshe Kang’ai, Chromatin condensation, Nuclear fragmentatio

Characteristics and Geological Implications of Lacustrine Carbonate of Nantun Formation in Hailar Basin

Globally, lacustrine carbonate rocks are often found in rift lake basins. Because they often do not form large-scale conventional or unconventional reservoirs, they have not received enough attention in previous oil and gas exploration. Recent years, exploration examples in China show that lacustrine carbonate has close relationship with unconventional oil and gas. Mudstone with carbonate deposits always has a good exploration effect in the area. However, the genesis of lacustrine carbonate is still controversial. The sediment environment difference between carbonate and mudstone and its effects on unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are not yet clear. This paper focuses on lacustrine carbonate found in the Nantun Formation in Hailar Basin. Through the analysis of lithofacies, geochemistry, and logging data, several findings have been obtained in the current study. (a) Two kinds of lacustrine carbonates, micrite dolomite and marlstone, which represent semideep to deep lake environments, have been identified in the research area. (b) Lacustrine dolomite (LD), whose genesis may relate to magmatic movement and deep hydrothermal processes, shows an extremely dry, hot paleoclimate and a saline, anaerobic ancient water condition. (c) Carbonate deposition in mudstone is related to the condensation section, and marlstone and micrite dolomite represent the beginning and end of the condensation section, respectively. Compared with mudstone around carbonate rocks, LD represents a drier, hotter, and saltier environment, which is of significance for sedimentary environment identification. In addition, the mudstone with lacustrine carbonate deposits has better organic matter characteristics and can form good unconventional oil and gas reservoirs that are of great significance for further exploration

Thermal–structural coupling analysis of brake friction pair based on the displacement gradient circulation method

In view of the braking process for the megawatt wind turbine brakes, considering the geometric and motion characteristics of brake pads and brake discs, a displacement gradient circulation method is put forward in this article, to resolve the deviation of coupling results caused by the difference of friction effect along the radial/circumferential direction of brake disc, and the thermal–structural coupling analysis of friction pair during the braking process is carried out. A three-dimensional model of transient heat transfer for brake friction pair is built based on the Abaqus software. The heat flow density is loaded by the displacement gradient circulation method, which is used to calculate the frictional heat flow during the braking process. The analysis results show that along the circumferential direction of the brake disc the temperature distribution in the friction zone is non-uniform and the temperature starting from the contact position of the brake disc and the brake pad decreases along the counterclockwise direction. The thermal stress caused by the temperature field during the braking process is the main factor causing the brake disc/pad failure. The effectiveness of the method and the model is verified by the designed inertia braking experiments. The analytical method proposed in this article provides a reference for simulating the friction braking process of large-size disc brakes

Thymosin Beta 4 Is Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) tolerance, a negative therapeutic effect, is a gradual decline in antinociception because of its repeated or prolonged use. This study aims to explore the role of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), having neuro-protection properties, in EA tolerance (EAT).Methods: Rats were treated with EA once daily for eight consecutive days to establish EAT, effect of Tβ4 on the development of EAT was determined through microinjection of Tβ4 antibody and siRNA into the cerebroventricle. The mRNA and protein expression profiles of Tβ4, opioid peptides (enkephalin, dynorphin and endorphin), and anti-opioid peptides (cholecystokinin octapeptide, CCK-8 and orphanin FQ, OFQ), and mu opioid receptor (MOR) and CCK B receptor (CCKBR) in the brain areas (hypothalamus, thalamus, cortex, midbrain and medulla) were characterized after Tβ4 siRNA was administered.Results: Tβ4 levels were increased at day 1, 4, and 8 and negatively correlated with the changes of tail flick latency in all areas. Tβ4 antibody and siRNA postponed EAT. Tβ4 siRNA caused decreased Tβ4 levels in all areas, which resulted in increased enkephalin, dynorphin, endorphin and MOR levels in most measured areas during repeated EA, but unchanged OFQ, CCK-8, and CCKBR levels in most measured areas. Tβ4 levels were negatively correlated with enkephalin, dynorphin, endorphin, or MOR levels in all areas except medulla, while positively correlated with OFQ and CCK-8 levels in some areas.Conclusion: These results confirmed Tβ4 facilitates EAT probably through negatively changing endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors and positively influencing anti-opioid peptides in the central nervous system