Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation and Ageing Time on the Volatile Organic Compounds and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goat Kids

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary anthocyanin addition on volatile compounds of meat from goat kids during ageing. For this work, 60 male and female kids were divided into two groups: red orange and lemon extract (RLE group; n = 30), which received an RLE extract (90 mg/kg of live weight); and control (CON group; n = 30). The phytoextract in dry powder form was rich in bioflavonoids such as flavanones (about 16%) and anthocyanins (about 3%). After slaughtering, the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was aged at 4◦C. The volatile organic compound (VOC) and sensorial analyses were carried out at 1, 3 and 7 days. A total of 10 chemical families were identified during the ageing process. Aldehydes were the most abundant VOC, followed by ketones and alcohols. Their contents increased during the process, showing after 7 days of ageing mean values of 20,498, 2193 and 1879 ng/g of meat, respectively. Regarding dietary effects, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons and thiols presented significant differences between treatments, with higher carboxylic acid contents observed in RLE samples (437 vs. 467 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively; p < 0.05). On the contrary, hydrocarbons (436 vs. 254 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) and thiols (160 vs. 103 ng/g of meat for CON and RLE batches, respectively) displayed significantly (p < 0.01) higher amounts in CON compared to the RLE group. Regarding ageing time, the tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment parameters showed significantly higher scores at the end of the whole process (p < 0.05). On the other hand, only odour displayed significant differences between treatments, reaching higher scores in CON samples (p < 0.05). Therefore, ageing time improved the sensorial properties (tenderness, juiciness, odour and overall assessment) and the VOC content, whereas the inclusion of anthocyanins in the kids’ diet did not have a great impact on the properties of aged meat

Spin-orbit readout using thin films of topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by industrial magnetron sputtering

Driving a spin-logic circuit requires the production of a large output signal by spin-charge interconversion in spin-orbit readout devices. This should be possible by using topological insulators, which are known for their high spin-charge interconversion efficiency. However, high-quality topological insulators have so far only been obtained on a small scale, or with large scale deposition techniques which are not compatible with conventional industrial deposition processes. The nanopatterning and electrical spin injection into these materials has also proven difficult due to their fragile structure and low spin conductance. We present the fabrication of a spin-orbit readout device from the topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by large-scale industrial magnetron sputtering on SiO2. Despite a modification of the Sb2Te3 layer structural properties during the device nanofabrication, we measured a sizeable output voltage that can be unambiguously ascribed to a spin-charge interconversion process

Differentiating small (= 1 cm) focal liver lesions as metastases or cysts by means of computed tomography: a case study to illustrate a fuzzy logicbased method to quantify uncertainty in radiological diagnosis

Purpose: To illustrate a fuzzy logic-based method to quantify uncertainty in radiological diagnosis. Material and Methods: We enrolled 22 oncologic patients with 50 focal liver lesions 641 cm detected at 64-row computed tomography (CT), proven to be cysts (n = 20) or metastases (n = 30). Two readers with 15 (R1) and 5 (R2) years of experience independently reviewed CT images. For each lesion, they expressed the diagnosis of metastasis as a certainty level (C) within the interval [0,1] (certainty in the alternative diagnosis of cyst was assumed to be 1-C). After cross-tabulating data according to the gold standard, table cells were considered as fuzzy subsets and complementary certainty values as their degrees of memberships. Accordingly, we estimated per-lesion diagnostic performance of readers both on usual crisp (C 65 0.51) and fuzzy basis. Results: Uncertainty mainly increased the crisp subset of false-positive cases: from 0 to 0.8 (R1) and from 1 to 2.4 (R2). The difference between crisp and fuzzy diagnostic performance was larger for the less experienced reader: sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 90.0, 100, 100, 87.0 and 94.0% versus 90.0, 96.0, 97.1, 86.5 and 92.4% for R1 and 93.3, 95.0, 96.6, 90.5 and 94% versus 94.0, 88.0, 92.1, 90.7 and 91.6% for R2, respectively. Conclusion: Radiological diagnosis can be expressed as a fuzzy degree membership to weight the impact of readers\u2019 uncertainty on crisp diagnostic performance. One potential application is to test the readers\u2019 competency

Differentiating small (<=1 cm) focal liver lesions as metastases or cysts by means of Computed Tomography: a case-study to illustrate a fuzzy logic-based method to assess the impact of diagnostic confidence on radiological diagnosis

Purpose. To quantify the impact of diagnostic confidence on radiological diagnosis with a fuzzy logic-based method. Materials and Methods. Twenty-two oncologic patients with 20 cysts and 30 metastases 641\u2009cm in size found at 64-row computed tomography were included. Two readers (R1/R2) expressed diagnoses as a subjective level of confidence in malignancy within the interval [0,1] rather than on a \u201ccrisp\u201d basis (malignant/benign); confidence in benignancy was . When cross-tabulating data according to the standard of reference, table cells resulted from the aggregation between and final diagnosis. We then assessed (i) readers diagnostic performance on a fuzzy and crisp basis; (ii) the \u201cdivergence\u201d (%) as a measure of how confidence impacted on crisp diagnosis. Results. Diagnoses expressed with lower confidence increased fuzzy false positives compared to crisp ones (from 0 to 0.2 for R1; from 1 to 2.4 for R2). Crisp/fuzzy accuracy was 94.0%/93.6% (R1) and 94.0/91.6% (R2). (%) was larger in the case of the less experienced reader (R2) (up to +7.95% for specificity). According to simulations, (%) was negative/positive depending on the level of confidence in incorrect diagnoses. Conclusion. Fuzzy evaluation shows a measurable effect of uncertainty on radiological diagnoses

Differentiating small ( 641 cm) focal liver lesions as metastases or cysts by means of computed tomography: a case study to illustrate a fuzzy logic-based method to quantify uncertainty in radiological diagnosis

Purpose: To illustrate a fuzzy logic-based method to quantify uncertainty in radiological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We enrolled twenty-two oncologic patients with 50 focal liver lesions 641 cm detected at 64-row Computed Tomography (CT), proven to be cysts (n=20) or metastases (n=30). Two readers with 15 (R1) and 5 (R2) years of experience independently reviewed CT images. For each lesion, they expressed the diagnosis of metastasis as a certainty level (C) within the interval [0,1] (certainty in the alternative diagnosis of cyst was assumed to be 1-C). After cross-tabulating data according to the gold-standard, table cells were considered as fuzzy subsets and complementary certainty values as their degrees of memberships. Accordingly, we estimated per-lesion diagnostic performance of readers both on usual crisp (C 650.51) and fuzzy basis. Results: Uncertainty mainly increased the crisp subset of false-positive cases: from 0 to 0.8 (R1) and from 1 to 2.4 (R2). The difference between crisp and fuzzy diagnostic performance was larger for the less experienced reader: sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 90.0, 100, 100, 87.0 and 94.0% vs. 90.0, 96.0, 97.1, 86.5, and 92.4% for R1 and 93.3, 95.0, 96.6, 90.5 and 94% vs. 94.0, 88.0, 92.1, 90.7 and 91.6% for R2, respectively. Conclusion: Radiological diagnosis can be expressed as a fuzzy degree membership to weight the impact of readers\u2019 uncertainty on crisp diagnostic performance. One potential application is to test readers\u2019 competency

Spin-orbit readout using thin films of topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by industrial magnetron sputtering

Driving a spin-logic circuit requires the production of a large output signal by spin-charge interconversion in spin-orbit readout devices. This should be possible by using topological insulators, which are known for their high spin-charge interconversion efficiency. However, high-quality topological insulators have so far only been obtained on a small scale, or with large scale deposition techniques which are not compatible with conventional industrial deposition processes. The nanopatterning and electrical spin injection into these materials has also proven difficult due to their fragile structure and low spin conductance. We present the fabrication of a spin-orbit readout device from the topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by large-scale industrial magnetron sputtering on SiO2. Despite a modification of the Sb2Te3 layer structural properties during the device nanofabrication, we measured a sizeable output voltage that can be unambiguously ascribed to a spin-charge interconversion process

Spin-orbit readout using thin films of topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by industrial magnetron sputtering

Driving a spin-logic circuit requires the production of a large output signal by spin-charge interconversion in spin-orbit readout devices. This should be possible by using topological insulators, which are known for their high spin-charge interconversion efficiency. However, high-quality topological insulators have so far only been obtained on a small scale, or with large scale deposition techniques which are not compatible with conventional industrial deposition processes. The nanopatterning and electrical spin injection into these materials has also proven difficult due to their fragile structure and low spin conductance. We present the fabrication of a spin-orbit readout device from the topological insulator Sb2Te3 deposited by large-scale industrial magnetron sputtering on SiO2. Despite a modification of the Sb2Te3 layer structural properties during the device nanofabrication, we measured a sizeable output voltage that can be unambiguously ascribed to a spin-charge interconversion process