بررسی نیازهای آموزشی توانبخشی مادران کودکان اتستیک

چکیده مقدمه: اُتيسم اختلال عصب شناختي رو به گسترشي است كه ابعاد مختلف عملكرد كودك و خانواده را تحت تاثير قرار مي‌دهد و نيازمند ارايه خدمات توانبخشي و درماني چند بعدي و گاه مادام‌العمر است لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نیازهای مادران کودکان اتیستیک انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها:این پژوهش از نوع نیازسنجی است. گروه نمونه، والدین 41 نفر از کودکان اتیسم را شامل می‌شود که به صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از سه کلینیک اتیسم شهرستان مشهد، انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان، پرسش‌نامه پژوهشگرساخته، شامل نُه مقوله آموزشی- توانبخشی را کامل کردند. پایایی کل پرسش‌نامه (نُه مقوله) به شیوه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= a محاسبه شد. يافته‌ها: نتایج تی تک نمونه‌ای نشان داد که والدین کودکان اتیسم، همه مقوله‌های آموزشی- توانبخشی را مورد نیاز ارزیابی کردند و چهار مقوله آشنایی با مسایل خودیاری کودک، آشنایی با مهارت‌های بازی کودک و بازی کردن والدین با کودک، آشنایی با مشکلات شناختی و ذهنی کودک و آموزش مهارت‌های ارتباطی را بسیار مورد نیاز ارزیابی کردند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره نشان داد که سن کودک، ترتیب تولد کودک، سن مادر و میزان تحصیلات والدین، در اولویت بندی نیازها، تأثیری نداشته است. نتيجه‌گيري: به كارگيري نتايج و اولويت‌هاي مستخرج از نيازسنجي حاضر مي‌تواند متخصصان و درمانگران را جهت ارايه خدمات توان‌بخشي و روانشناختي از اولويت بالا يا در حد بسيار مورد نياز تا اولويت‌هاي بعدي يا در حد مورد نياز ياري رسانند. . کلیدواژه‌ها: کودکان اتستیک، نیازهای آموزشی توانبخشی، نیازسنج

The Status of Librarians’ Communication Skills and the Effective Factors in Public Libraries

The main aim of this survey was to assess the status of librarians\u27 communication skills in public libraries of Mashhad, Iran. The research population included all the librarians (n = 70) employed in the public libraries. The desired sample (n=59) was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire of communication skills was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed via the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the level of the librarians’ communication skills was undesirable and that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the librarians’ communication skills in terms of demographic and professional characteristics

Effect of Attachment Training on Paternal-fetal Attachment

Background & aim: Paternal-fetal attachment develops an emotional relationship between father and his infant which can affect their future interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of attachment training on paternal-fetal attachment. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in Karmandan and 22 Bahman health centers in Mashhad in 2015. The participants of the study consisted of 60 randomly-selected fathers whose wives `gestational age was 28 to 32 weeks. The intervention group received three 120-min sessions of attachment training once a week in the forms of group discussion, lectures, question and answer, film screenings, and educational booklet. Data collection was performed by means of two questionnaires, named personal and fertility characteristics questionnaire and Weaver Cranley paternal-fetalattachment questionnaire. Two groups were assessed before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after intervention (follow-up) by paternal-fetal attachment questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 22) using the Chi-square, independent t-test, Fisher, Mann-Whitney U test, and repeated measure tests. P Results: The results of repeated measures showed that mean scores of paternal-fetal attachment was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups before training (P=0.527) However, paternal-fetal attachment significantly increased at post-test (P=0.069) and follow-up (P=0.006) in the experimental group. Conclusion: Attachment training increases paternal-fetal attachment; therefore, pregnancy care programs should include training sessions for fathers

Emotional and Cognitive Experiences of Pregnant Women Following Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies: A Qualitative Study in Iran

Background: Pregnant women are often ill-prepared for the health of their unborn child in the case of abnormal findings, and experience several difficulties following the detection of fetal anomalies. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the emotional and cognitive experiences of pregnant women following prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This qualitative conventional content analysis study was designed through two referral centers for fetal anomaly. The data were collected from April 2017 to January 2018 in Mashhad (Iran) through individual semi-structured in-depth interviews, from 25 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies. Results: Four categories and 10 subcategories emerged. Category one, grief reactions during the time of diagnosis, contained two subcategories: shocked and panicked, and distressed and disbelieved.Category two, perinatal loss through a pregnancy termination, contained four subcategories: guilt and shame during pregnancy termination, loss of their expected child, suffering and emotional distress process, and unmet needs by health professionals. Category three, fears of recurrence in future pregnancies, had two subcategories: worried about inadequate prenatal care in the future pregnancies and worried about abnormal fetus in next pregnancies. Finally, Category four, a dilemma between hope and worries contained two subcategories: hope for normality and worried about future. Conclusion: It is important to monitor emotional reactions of women following prenatal anomaly diagnosis. So, training clinicians and health-care professionals for proper response to grief reaction in post therapeutic abortion is essential

The Status of Librarians’ Communication Skills and the Effective Factors in Public Libraries

The main aim of this survey was to assess the status of librarians\u27 communication skills in public libraries of Mashhad, Iran. The research population included all the librarians (n = 70) employed in the public libraries. The desired sample (n=59) was selected based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire of communication skills was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed via the SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the level of the librarians’ communication skills was undesirable and that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the librarians’ communication skills in terms of demographic and professional characteristics

Relationship between Personality Characteristics, Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life Mental Health of People with Disabilities

Objective: This study was performed to assess the relationships between personality characteristics, emotional intelligence and quality of life with Mental Health Status of people with disabilities. Materials & Methods: This Descriptive Correlation study randomly selected (60) of the physical disabilities. Including (30 girls, 30 boys) of SET Educational Beneficence Tavanyaban of Mashhad. Order to collecting data was completed four Questionnaire: General Health (GHQ) Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire characteristics of personality, Questionnaire (NEO) and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis Results: Data analysis showed a significant positive correlation between personality characteristics and quality of life with the four dimensions of mental health. (r=0.86, r=0.87, P0.05) Positive and significant correlation exists between the components of personality characteristics and components of quality of life (P>0.05, r=0.12) negative correlation exists between the components of emotional intelligence and personality characteristics and quality of life (r=-0.13, r=-0.09 P>0.050) This correlation was not statistically significant. Multiple Regression analysis showed that personality characteristics and quality of life are associated and predictors of Mental Health. Conclusion: Personality characteristics and its components and quality of life are in a direct relationship with mental health and may be regarded as significant predictors of Mental Healt

Coping Strategies of Pregnant Women with Detected Fetal Anomalies in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: Progressing technology has increased the detection of fetal abnormalities in the pregnancy. Detection of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy can cause significant social, physical, psychological, and emotional stress. The aim of this study was to explore the coping strategies of Iranian pregnant women with detected fetal anomalies. Materials and Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted on two referral centers for fetal anomaly. The data were collected from April 2017 to January 2018 in Mashhad (Iran) through individual, semistructured, in-depth interviews with 25 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman's approach. Results: As a result of data analysis, the four categories of seeking information, religiousness and spirituality, cognitive avoidance, and seeking social support, and 12 subcategories emerged. Seeking information consisted of the four subcategories of personal search, visiting different doctors, performing various diagnostic tests and sonography, and seeking peers' experiences. Religiousness and spirituality contained the three subcategories of praying, acceptance of destiny, and reliance on faith. Cognitive avoidance consisted of the two subcategories of avoiding negative information and avoiding situations that remind them of their problem. Seeking social support contained the three subcategories of getting support from family, getting support from friends, and getting support from others. Conclusions: The findings showed that pregnant women with detected fetal anomalies reported a variety of coping strategies. Therefore, it is important that healthcare providers encourage mothers to use strategies that are likely to be more effective

Informational needs of pregnant women following the prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies: A qualitative study in Iran

INTRODUCTION: An appropriate exchange of information between the health-care provider and the family is an important component of coping with stress following the prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the informational needs of pregnant women following a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies in Mashhad, Iran. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This qualitative, conventional, content analysis study was designed through two referral centers for fetal anomaly. The data were collected from April 2017 to January 2018 in Mashhad (Iran) through individual semi-structured in-depth interviews, from 25 pregnant women with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies. RESULTS: Three categories and nine subcategories emerged. Category 1, information needed for clarifying the diagnosed anomaly and making a decision, containing four subcategories: The need to know the reasons of doing more diagnostic tests; The need to know the facts regarding the anomaly and its cause; The need for more information to gain control over the situation; and The need to know about legal permission for therapeutic abortion. Category 2, Information needed for preparing to the future, containing three subcategories: Practical and economic issues; The delivery and postnatal situation; and Future mortality and morbidity of especial anomaly. Category 3, the adequacy of the information provided, containing two subcategories: Information overload and Inadequate information. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women receiving a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomaly have a variety of information needs that are not adequately met by the health-care providers. Further research is required for finding a means to meeting this information need

The Effectiveness of Puppet Play Therapy Intervention on Social Skills of Male Students with Autism Disorder

The purpose of this study was to investigating of the effectiveness of puppet play therapy intervention on social skills of male students with autism disorder. The sample size was 24 male students with autism disorder that were selected by in available sampling method, and after a Garz test run they were assigned in to experimental and control group, randomly. Such as each group consist of 12 students. Both groups were assessed pre-test. The Experimental group received puppet play therapy training in 21 sessions while control group did not. After completion of intervention period for experimental group the post-test was administered for both groups. The Stone`s social skills Scale were administered to assess the social skills. The data analyses by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that there were significantly increase in the mean scores of social skills and subscales (understanding/perspective taking, initiating interactions, responding to interaction and maintaining interactions) in experimental group (P<0.01).Observations implied the interference of puppet play therapy intervention for improving social skills of male students with autism spectrum disorder. The findings not only confirmed the effectiveness of this method, but also opens up the wider and deeper approach to puppet play therapy intervention and encourages therapists to consider puppet play therapy intervention as an effective therapy for students with autism disorder

The Effect of Paternal-Fetal Attachment Training on Marital Satisfaction during Pregnancy

Background & aim: Marital satisfaction during pregnancy is one of the factors affecting marital affectional bond. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of paternal-fetal attachment training on marital satisfaction during pregnancy. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 60 couples referring to two health centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. The couples were randomly divided into intervention and control groups (n=30 couples in each group). The fathers in the intervention group participated in three 120-minute sessions of paternal-fetal attachment training and the mothers in both groups (intervention and control) received the routine prenatal care. Both groups were evaluated using Marital Satisfaction questionnaire of Nathan H Azarin before and three weeks after the intervention. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of covariance were performed using SPSS, version 22. Results: The mean score of marital satisfaction in men was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P=0.003). The mean score of women's marital satisfaction in the intervention group increased after training from 62.63±2.58 to 66.50±2.43. However, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of women’s mean score of marital satisfaction (P=0.083). Conclusion: Paternal-fetal attachment training promoted marital satisfaction in men during pregnancy, so it is suggested to hold training programs for couples during pregnancy to enhance their marital satisfaction