Embryonic malformations following exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles in Mus musculus

زمینه و هدف: کاربرد گسترده‌ای از نانو مواد در صنعت، پزشکی و محصولات مصرفی باعث افزایش نگرانی در مورد سمیت بالقوه آن ها شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر سمیت نانو ذره اکسید مس بر رشد و نمو جنین موش نژاد NMRI است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 42 موش سوری ماده بالغ به‌طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تقسیم شدند (7n=). چهار گروه تجربی در روز 3 و 12 بارداری نانو ذرات اکسید مس با غلظت‌های 300، 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به‌ صورت داخل صفاقی دریافت کردند. گروه شم آب مقطر دیونیزه به‌عنوان حلال نانوذره مس دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل نانوذره‌ای دریافت نکرد. در روز 17 بارداری موش‌ها کالبد شکافی شده و جنین‌ها از بافت رحمی خارج شدند. مطالعات هیستوپاتولوژیک با استفاده از رنگ‌آمیزی هماتوکسیلین ائوزین و میکروسکوپ نوری انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و به روش آنالیز واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA) و تست تعقیبی دانکن در سطح معنی‌داری (05/0>P) مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد نانوذره اکسید مس بر روند ارگانوژنز، تکمیل ساختار عصبی، لوبولاسیون کبدی و زمان احتمالی عقب بودن تشکیل جنین در غلظت600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم تأثیر گذاشت. همچنین میانگین تعداد سومیت ها در غلظت‌های 400، 500 و 600 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در مقایسه با کنترل کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد (05/0

Antioxidant activity, total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of extracts taken from aerial parts of Ballota platyloma using three different methods: percolation, ultrasonic and polyphenolic fraction

Background: The genus Ballota L. (BL) belongs to the Labiateae family spread throughout the world. Plants of this genus possess anti oxidant, anti cancer, anti microbial and anti inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities of extract taken from aerial parts of Ballota platyloma Rech. f. using percolation, ultrasonic and polyphenol fraction methods. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, aerial parts of Ballota platyloma were collected from Veresk (Mazandaran, Iran). Dried aerial parts of Ballota platyloma were extracted by percolation, and polyphenol fraction. The antioxidant activity of extracts was investigated using different methods: 1, 1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ‏iron ion chelating activity and reducing power. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan test at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were in order of polyphenol> ultrasonic > percolation, The IC50 for polyphenol, percolation and ultrasonic extracts were 7.52±1.07, 6.64±0.87 and 2.58±0.06, respectively. The IC50 for iron chelating ability were in order of polyphenol < ultrasonic < percolation. Polyphenol fraction showed better reducing power than the ultrasonic and percolation extracts (P<0.001) which was comparable to that of Vitamin C (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that polyphenol fraction was rich in total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Polyphenol fraction showed the best activity in reducing power but ultrasonic extracts was the most potent one in DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Thus, antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts

An Evaluation of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters of Blood in Male Rats after Exposure to Nickel and Nickel Chloride Nanoparticles

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nickel and its compounds are considered as carcinogenic agents. Considering the application of nickel and nickel nanoparticles in medicine, pharmaceutical industries, food, and cosmetics, it is important to study the destructive effects and toxicity of these nanoparticles on living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of nickel nanoparticles compared with nickel chloride on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 48 adult male rats were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group and one sham group (n=6). The control group did not receive any treatment. The sham group received physiologic serum and the treatment groups received nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticles at concentrations of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally. One week after injection, blood samples were collected from the heart. Biochemical and hematological parameters were measured and compared for all groups. FINDINGS: The results showed that the level of albumin in the nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticle group at concentration of 25 mg/kg decreased compared to the control (2.91±0.09 to 3.25±0.33, p=0.015) and (2.95±0.13 to 3.25±0.33, p=0.04), while the level of blood urea increased significantly (90.33±13.95 to 43.33±11.94, p<0.001) and (69.50±12.28 to 43.33±11.94, p=0.019). Creatinine and white blood cell count at 25 mg/kg concentration of nickel chloride showed a significant increase compared to the control (0.66±0.05 to 0.53±0.05, p=0.05) and (9.10±0.62 to 4.43±0.66, p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that nickel and nickel chloride nanoparticles stimulate the immune system, increase the number of white blood cells and change the biochemical parameters of the blood, which confirms the toxicity of the nickel nanoparticle

Histopathological Evaluation of Kidney and Heart Tissues after Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Mus musculus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:&nbsp;Copper nanoparticles are being extensively used in medical sciences, food supplements and industrial fields. However, their potential toxic effects on human health and the environment remain undetermined.&nbsp;The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on kidney and heart tissues of mice. METHODS:&nbsp;In this experimental study,&nbsp;42 adult female mice, weighing 30&plusmn;3 g, were randomly divided into control, sham and four experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups intraperitoneally received copper oxide nanoparticles with doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg.&nbsp;After autopsy, the hearts and kidneys of mice were separated and weighed. For histopathological examinations, heart and kidney tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.&nbsp; FINDINGS:&nbsp;Kidney weight in control and sham groups, compared to experimental groups receiving nanoparticle doses of 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/kg, reduced to 21&plusmn;0.02, 19&plusmn;0.02, 20&plusmn;0.02 and 22&plusmn;0.01 g, respectively,&nbsp;while no significant changes were observed in the heart weight.&nbsp;Histopathological examination of kidney and heart&nbsp;after the intraperitoneal injection of copper oxide nanoparticles showed signs of cytotoxicity including congestion, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION:&nbsp;The findings of this study showed that copper oxide nanoparticles cause damage to the kidney and heart in a dose-dependent wa