Opium addiction in patients with coronary artery disease: A grounded theory study

Background: There are widespread misconceptions about the positive effects of opium on coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, we performed a study to explore the opium addiction process contributing factors among CAD patients using a grounded theory approach. Methods: The sample comprised 30 addicted CAD patients and their family members, physicians, nurses and friends. Purposive and theoretical sampling was employed; semi-structured interviews were conducted. Coding and constant comparative analysis techniques were as proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Results: The core category was 'Fighting for Survival', comprising three main themes, namely, 'the gateway', 'blowing into the fire' and 'getting stuck in the mud'. Conclusion: Increasing knowledge about the adverse effects of opium on the cardiovascular system would reinforce prevention and rehabilitation measures. Involving patients' family-members in addiction prevention and rehabilitation programs and referring patients to specialized rehabilitation centres could help patients quit opium. Healthcare providers (HCPs) should notice to the effects of opium consumption among CAD patients; nursing care must be holistic in nature. Although opium is stigmatised in Iran, HCPs must treat addicted CAD patients similar to other patients. Nursing students' must be aware of the negative effects of illegal drugs on CAD patients and the misconceptions regarding the positive effects thereof. Any misconceptions must be probed and clarified. Rehabilitation centres must be supervised by cardiologists and HCPs

Psychometric properties of the adherence questionnaire in patients with chronic disease: A mix method study

Introduction: Non-compliance is a concern to all healthcare disciplines especially in patients with chronic illness that is caused by social factors. For determining the factors affect on patients' health, it is essentialto understand the meaning of compliance and its measurement which lead to improve compliance. However, there is not any instrument to assess compliance of all dimensions of treatment in patients with chronic disease in Iranian context. The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometric properties of compliance questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by triangulation approach in two concept analysis and methodological research sequential phases. In first part, Hybrid Model concept analysis was used to explore the meaning of compliance and to generate questionnaire items, and in second part psychometric properties was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of a compliance instrument.First, in theoretical phase of Hybrid Model concept analysis, data was collected by using literature reviews to develop a working definition. Second in field work phase qualitative data obtained through semi-structure interviews withparticipatingof 6 patients diagnosed with chronic disease. Third, in analytical phase, integration and reanalysis of the data gained during two former phases of concept analysis was conductedusing directed qualitative content analysis. In second part, a primary questionnaire was created by using the results of research. In the third part, the psychometric properties including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was measured. Results: The process of concept analysis in theoretical phase resulted in extracting 11 categories,in field work phase seven categories and in third phaseeight themes emerged. 127 items was extracted.The psychometric property was carried out as a result the 127-item questionnaire was modified and the items decreased to 48. The result of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire contains 7 factors including making effort for treatment, intention to take the treatment, adaptability, integrating illness into life, stick to the treatment, commitment to treatment and indecisiveness for applying treatment and the items decreased to 40. The 7 factors explained nearly 48.514 of the variance of the questionnaire. The reliability was carried out by using test-retest reliability andCronbach'salpha 0.92. Conclusion: These findings offer helpful insights into the meaning of compliance and provide an instrument to assess the adherence of patients with chronic disease. The Adherence Questionnaire appears to be an appropriate tool for providing reliable and valid data to determine compliance in adult patients with chronic disease in Iranian context. © 2018, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Psychometric properties of the adherence questionnaire in patients with chronic disease: A mix method study

Introduction: Non-compliance is a concern to all healthcare disciplines especially in patients with chronic illness that is caused by social factors. For determining the factors affect on patients' health, it is essentialto understand the meaning of compliance and its measurement which lead to improve compliance. However, there is not any instrument to assess compliance of all dimensions of treatment in patients with chronic disease in Iranian context. The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometric properties of compliance questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by triangulation approach in two concept analysis and methodological research sequential phases. In first part, Hybrid Model concept analysis was used to explore the meaning of compliance and to generate questionnaire items, and in second part psychometric properties was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of a compliance instrument.First, in theoretical phase of Hybrid Model concept analysis, data was collected by using literature reviews to develop a working definition. Second in field work phase qualitative data obtained through semi-structure interviews withparticipatingof 6 patients diagnosed with chronic disease. Third, in analytical phase, integration and reanalysis of the data gained during two former phases of concept analysis was conductedusing directed qualitative content analysis. In second part, a primary questionnaire was created by using the results of research. In the third part, the psychometric properties including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was measured. Results: The process of concept analysis in theoretical phase resulted in extracting 11 categories,in field work phase seven categories and in third phaseeight themes emerged. 127 items was extracted.The psychometric property was carried out as a result the 127-item questionnaire was modified and the items decreased to 48. The result of exploratory factor analysis showed that this questionnaire contains 7 factors including making effort for treatment, intention to take the treatment, adaptability, integrating illness into life, stick to the treatment, commitment to treatment and indecisiveness for applying treatment and the items decreased to 40. The 7 factors explained nearly 48.514 of the variance of the questionnaire. The reliability was carried out by using test-retest reliability andCronbach'salpha 0.92. Conclusion: These findings offer helpful insights into the meaning of compliance and provide an instrument to assess the adherence of patients with chronic disease. The Adherence Questionnaire appears to be an appropriate tool for providing reliable and valid data to determine compliance in adult patients with chronic disease in Iranian context. © 2018, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

The effect of educational program on stress, anxiety and depression of the mothers of neonates having colostomy

Objective: One of the problems that mothers of neonates having colostomy face is their disability in caring colostomy at home. This article is going to demonstrate the impact of educational program for these mothers on their sense of empowerment in caring their neonates. Methods: This clinical trial was performed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) to evaluate the level of stress, anxiety and depression of mothers of neonates having colostomy before and after the educational program. In this program, 42 mothers were divided into two groups: experimental group (21 mothers who went under educational plan) and control group (21 mothers who only received the routine care). The levels of stress, anxiety and depression in all mothers were evaluated before and after the educational program with DASS 21 questionnaire. Results: The results showed that educational program in the NICU for experimental groups made them independent and also empowered to care better for their babies. In addition, their depression, anxiety and stress levels were decreased. Conclusion: Since the educational program led to a decrease in the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in mothers, this program is recommended to mothers of neonates having colostomy. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group