Ethnobotanical uses of genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Pinus</i> L. (Pinaceae) in Turkey

209-220    Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus pinea L. and Pinus sylvestris L. forests cover approximately 10.91 million hectares area in Turkey. Since there are a lot of settlements inside or near these wide <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Pinus forest lands, the usages of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Pinus species are very common among local people. Within this paper, 130 ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal studies published up to 2011 which were dealed different areas of Turkey are examined and the usages of Pinus species are compiled from 54 of them. It has 269 records that are to be proof of the wide range of ethnobotanical usages of pines. Due P. halepensis has a narrow distribution, the records about ethnobotanical usage of it does not exist in the investigated literature.     Particularly medicinal use of pines is the most prominent way of their utilization. It is stated in the literature that the uppermost medicinal usage of Pinus species is for respiratory system diseases. They are also used as food, veterinary medicine, dye, firewood, handycrafts, etc.     P. brutia and P. nigra have the widest distribution area in Turkey and ethnobotanical usages of them are found more than other species according to indexes obtained with Shannon-Wiener index system. </span