An investigation of acute effects at various doses of malathion on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in rat liver, pancreas and serum

Objective. This study investigates acute effects of various doses of Malathion on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in rat. Methods. Rats were randomly divided into four groups of 6 animals each. Corn oil was given orally to Group 1. Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 received malathion dissolved in corn oil via oral administration at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. 24 hours later the rats were sacrificed. Results. Acute administration of Malathion led to a decrease in serum butryl cholinesterase (BChE) levels at all doses tested. It also caused a significant increase in serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs), insulin, and TNF-α levels at all doses. Moreover, Malathion administration raised the liver ALT, AST and LDH, TNF-α, and glycogen levels in a dose dependent manner. It also led to a remarkable increase in pancreatic insulin levels at all doses. Conclusions. Acute administrations of Malathion affect glucose homeostasis in a dose dependent manner through its effects on the liver, serum, and pancreas

Evaluation of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status of Fluvoxamine on Human Lymphocyte Cell Culture

Depression is one of the prevalent psychiatric diseases in Turkey and the world. Fluvoxamine is a strong selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is used as an antidepressant. No study investigating the doses of Fluvoxamine treatment that may lead to a disruption in the oxidant-antioxidant balance on the cellular level in addition to its beneficial effects has been found in the literature. For this purpose, by creating Fluvoxamine application groups at the doses of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μM and durations of 24 and 48 hours on human lymphocyte cell cultures, we investigated the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). According to the results of the study, the TOS levels of all dose groups increased significantly in the 24- and 48-hour applications (p lt;0.05). While the TAS levels significantly increased in the 24-hour application of the doses of 7.5 and 15 μM and 48-application of the dose of 7.5 μM, they significantly decreased in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM (p lt;0.05). The OSI level increased significantly in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM. The results of our study demonstrated that, in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM, the antioxidant system could not compensate and the cells exposed to oxidative stress

The effect of acupuncture treatment on blood pressure and serum nitric oxide levels on patients with hypertension

Çalışmamızda Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesine Akupunktur Polikliniğinde yaşları 35 65 arasında değişen, antihipertansif ilaç kullanan 32 gönüllü hastaya akupunktur tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Tedavi, spesifik akupunktur noktalarına haftada 1 seans yirmi dakika süreyle ve toplam 10 seans şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada tedavi öncesi, 1.seans tedavi sonrası ve 10. seans tedavi sonrası olmak üzere 3 grup oluşturulmuştur. Kan basınçları ölçümleri kan basıncı cihazı ile ve serum toplam nitrat ve nitrit konsantrasyonu kolorimetrik yöntemle belirlenmiştir. Tedavi öncesi ve 1. seans tedavi sonrası SKB, DKB ve serum NO konsantrasyonu karşılaştırıldığında; SKB ve DKB nın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düştüğü (p<0,01) ve serum NO konsantrasyonunun anlamlı düzeyde artığı saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Bu sonuçlar akupunktur tedavisinin, kan basıncı ve NO konsantrasyonu üzerinde akut etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Tedavi öncesi ve 10. seans tedavi sonrası SKB, DKB ve serum NO konsantrasyonu karşılaştırıldığında; SKB ve DKB nin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düştüğü (p<0,01) ve serum NO konsantrasyonunun anlamlı düzeyde artığı saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Bu sonuçlar akupunktur tedavisinin NO seviyesini artırarak ve üretilen NO nun SKB ve DKB yi azalttığını göstermektedir. 1, seans tedavi sonrası ve 10. seans tedavi sonrası SKB, DKB ve serum NO konsantrasyonu karşılaştırıldığında; SKB ve DKB nin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düştüğü (p<0,01) ve serum NO konsantrasyonun anlamlı düzeyde artığı saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Bu sonuçlar seanslar artıkça akupunktur tedavisinin etkinliğinin arttığını göstermiştir. Çalışmanın bitiminden 2 ay sonrasında hastaların yaklaşık olarak % 38 i kan basınçlarının normale döndüğünü ve ilaç tedavisini tamamen bıraktıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Akupunktur tedavisinin kan basıncının düşürülmesindeki etkinliğinin gösterilmesinde konuyla ilgili çalışmaların devam etmesinin yararlı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.The acupuncture treatment was applied to 32 volunteer hypertension patients, the age between 35-65 years, in the Policlinic of Acupuncture in the Faculty of Medicine in Gazi University. It was applied on the specific acupuncture points as one session which lasted 20 minutes per week and the whole treatment consisted of 10 weeks. The hypertension patients were divided into three groups; before-treatment, after-1st-sesion-treatment and after-10th-sesion treatment. Blood pressure device was used to measure blood pressure and colorimetric method was used to measure serum total nitrat and nitrit concentration. When the before-treatment-group and the after-1st-session treatment-group are compared, it is noted that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) have significantly decreased (p<0,01) and the serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration has significantly increased (p<0,01) in after-1st-sesion-teratment-group compared with before-treatment-group. These results indicate the acute effect of the acupuncture treatment on blood pressure and on NO concentration. When the before-treatment-group and the after-10th-session- teratment-group are compared, it is noted that SBP and DBP have significantly decreased (p<0,01) and NO concentration has significantly increased (p<0,01) in the after-10th-session-treatment-group compared with the before-treatment-group. These results demonstrate that the acupuncture treatment reduces blood pressure by increasing NO concentration. When the 1st- sesssion-teratment-group and the after-10th-session teratment-group are compared, it is noted that SBP and DBP have significantly decreased (p<0,01) and the NO concentration has significantly increased (p<0,01) in the after-10th sesion-treatment group compared with the 1st- session-teratment-group. These results have pointed out that the effectiveness of the acupuncture treatment increases when the number of sessions increases. 2 months after the end of this study, approximately 38% of patients expressed that their blood pressure returned to the normal level and that they completely gave up pharmacological treatment. We consider that it will be useful to continue studying on the subject in order to indicate the effectiveness of the acupuncture treatment in reducing blood pressure

The Investıgatıon Of Malathıon's Effect On Oxıdant And Antıoxıdant Systems, Inflammatory Marker And Some Metabolıc Bıomolecules In Rat Lıver

Bu çalışmada tarımda pestisit olarak kullanılan bir organofosfat olan Malathion&#8223;un akut (24 saat) farklı doz uygulamarıyla Wistar albino ratlarının karaciğeri üzerindeki hasarı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla her grupta 6 tane olmak üzere kontrol (Grup1) ve 100 mg/kg (Grup 2), 200 mg/kg (Grup 3), 400 mg/kg (Grup 4) doz grupları oluşturularak seçilen karaciğer parametreleri üzerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Karaciğer malondialdehit (MDA), ileri glikasyon son ürünü (AGEs) düzeyleri ve asetilkolinesteraz (AChE), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) aktivitelerinin gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farkın anlamlılığı bulunamamıştır (p>0.05). Karaciğer kolinesteraz (ChE) aktivitesinin Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;ün, Grup 1&#8223;e göre anlamlı olarak azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.013). Karaciğer ileri protein oksidasyon ürünü (AOPP) düzeyinin Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;te Grup 2&#8223;ye göre anlamlı olarak artığı gözlenmiştir (p>0.013). Karaciğer total oksidan durum (TOS) düzeyinin Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1 ve Grup 2&#8223;ye göre anlamlı olarak arttığı ve Grup 3&#8223;ün de Grup 2&#8223;ye göre anlamlı olarak arttığı bulunmuştur (p<0.013). Karaciğer AOPP düzeyi artarken, TOS düzeyi de artmış ve aralarında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Karaciğer katalaz aktivitesinin Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1&#8223;e göre anlamlı olarak arttığı bulunmuştur (p<0.013). Karaciğer AOPP ve TOS düzeyleri artarken, karaciğer katalaz aktivitesi de artmıştır ve aralarında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Karaciğer paraoksonaz-1 enzimin arilesteraz aktivesinin (PON1-ARE) Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1&#8223;e göre anlamlı olarak azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir (p<0.013). Karaciğer TOS düzeyi artarken PON1-ARE&#8223;de azalmıştır ve aralarında negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Aynı zamanda karaciğer ChE aktivitesi azalırken PON1-ARE&#8223;de azalmıştır ve aralarında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Karaciğer tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-&#945;) düzeyinin Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1&#8223;e göre anlamlı olarak arttığı bulunmuştur (p<0.013). Karaciğer dokularının histolopatolojik incelemelerinde Grup 4&#8223;te vakuoler ve hidropik dejenerasyon gözlemlenmiştir. Karaciğer glikojen miktarının Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1&#8223;e göre anlamlı olarak arttığı bulunmuştur ( p<0.013). Karaciğer PON1-ARE ve ChE aktivitesi azalırken, glikojen miktarı da artmıştır ve aralarında negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Karaciğer glukojenik enzimleri olan alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH) aktivitelerinin Grup 3 ve Grup 4&#8223;te, Grup 1 ve Grup 2&#8223;ye göre arttığı gözlenmiştir (p<0.013). Korelasyon analiz sonuçlarına göre bu enzimler kendi aralarında ikili olarak karşılaştırıldığında birlikte artmışlardır ve aralarında pozitif korelasyon gözlenmiştir (p<0.01). Sonuçlarımıza göre Malathion akut uygulamasında artan doz ile hepatotoksik etkiye neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle insan-toplum sağlığı için gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerektiğini düşünmekteyizIn this study, we investigated the acute effects of different doses of Malathion, which is an organophosphate used as a pesticide in agriculture, on liver injury of Wistar albino rat. For this purpose, we set 4 groups containing 6 animals (control (Group 1), 100 mg/kg (Group 2), 200 mg/kg (Group 3), 400 mg/kg (Group 4)) and the change of liver selected parameters was analyzed. We found that there was no significant change in liver malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among the Groups (p>0.05). Liver cholinesterase (ChE) levels of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 were significantly lower than Group 1 (p>0.013). The liver advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) significantly increased in Group 3 and Group 4 compare to Group 2 (p>0.013). Total oxidant status (TOS) increased in Group 4 compare to Group 1 and Group 2 and TOS level of Group 3 was higher than Group 2 (p<0.013). When the liver AOPP level increased, the TOS level increased simultaneously and we found that there was a positive correlation between them. The liver catalase activity of Group 3 and Group 4 was significantly higher than Group 1 (p<0.01). When liver AOPP and TOS levels were increased, the catalase activity was increased and there were a positive correlation among them. The liver arylesterase of paraoxanase-1 enzyme (PON1-ARE) significantly decreased in Group 3 and Group 4 compare to Group 1 (p<0.013). While liver TOS level was increasing, PON1-ARE diminished and it is found that negative correlation between them (p<0,01). We also found that the liver ChE and PON1-ARE declined together and they were positively correlated (p<0,01). Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&#945;) level of liver increased in Group 4 compare to Group 1 (p<0.013). We also observed that there was vacuolar and hydropic degeneration in Group 4 in histopathological examination of liver tissues. The levels of hepatic glycogen of Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 were higher than Group 1 (p<0.013). The activity of liver PON1-ARE and ChE decreased while glycogen level was increasing and negative correlation was found among them. The liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which are glucogenic enzymes increased in Group 3 and Group 4 compare to Group 1 and Group 2 (p<0.013). According to correlation analysis, when the comparison was evaluated as a binary, the glucogenic enzymes were increased simultaneously and there was a positive correlation among them (p<0,01). According to our result, acute administrations of Malathion result in hepatotoxic effects with increasing doses. Therefore, we consider that necessary precautions should be taken in order to protection human and public healt

Podwyższenie wartości markerów stresu oksydacyjnego u pacjentów z niealkoholową stłuszczeniową chorobą wątroby z wysokim stężeniem aminotransferazy alaninowej w surowicy

Introduction: Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological disease that causes chronic damage in the liver without alcohol consumption. Aim of the research: To determine oxidative stress and inflammation statuses (NAFLD) with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Material and methods: Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), inflammation (serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured by the ELISA method or manually. A total of 133 non-obese and non-diabetic individuals were included. Patients diagnosed with NAFLD with normal ALT levels were included in group 1 (n = 53), and those with high ALT levels were included in group 2 (n = 35). The control group included individuals without any known systemic disease (n = 45). Results: We found that the serum MDA levels were significantly elevated in group 2 in comparison to the control group (p 0.05). The serum TNF-a and IL-6 levels of group 1 and group 2 were higher than those in the control group (p 0,05). Stężenia TNF-α i IL-6 w surowicy w grupie 1. i 2. były wyższe niż w grupie kontrolnej (p < 0,05). Stężenie HA w surowicy w grupie 2. było istotnie podwyższone w stosunku do pozostałych grup (p < 0,05). Wnioski: W badaniu wykazano podwyższone stężenia HA i MDA u pacjentów z NAFLD z wysokim stężeniem ALT oraz podwyższone stężenia TNF-α i IL-6 u osób z NAFLD z prawidłowym stężeniem ALT