Sinoplu Diogenes

Anadolu’da doğan ve yaşayan doğa bilimcileri ve filozofları Sokrates öncesi düşünce dünyasını yansıtmaktadırlar. Düşünce ve teoriler üretmekte kendilerine göre bir sistem oluşturmuşlardır. Antik dönemde doğa olaylarının kişileştirilip tanrılarla simgelenmesini ve söylencelerle yaygınlaşıp geliştirilmesini, onlara tapınılmasını (pagan tanrılarını) kabul etmeyen bireysel çıkışlar olarak başkaldırmışlardır. M.Ö. 5. yüzyılda Atina’da Yunan Uygarlığı’nın klasik çağına ve doruk noktasına geçişlerinde Anadolu’daki Pers saldırılarından kaçan İyonyalı düşünürlerin ve sanatçıların da rolü bulunmaktadır

The Relationship between Personality, Gender and Hotel Department: The Case of Alanya

This study evaluates relationship between personality, gender and departments of a random sample of 91 employees working in 5-star hotels in the Alanya Region of Turkey. Evaluation was conducted using Cattell’s 16 PF (Sixteen Personality Factor) questionnaire. T-test assessed the relationship between personality and gender and one-way Anova analysed personality and department relationship. Results indicate that in the relationship between personality and gender there were significant variance for the openness to change. 16 PF showed significant differences for openness to change, vigilance, privateness and perfectionism subscales, in terms of personality and department relationship

The Relationship between Personality, Gender and Hotel Department: The Case of Alanya

This study evaluates relationship between personality, gender and departments of a random sample of 91 employees working in 5-star hotels in the Alanya Region of Turkey. Evaluation was conducted using Cattell’s 16 PF (Sixteen Personality Factor) questionnaire. T-test assessed the relationship between personality and gender and one-way Anova analysed personality and department relationship. Results indicate that in the relationship between personality and gender there were significant variance for the openness to change. 16 PF showed significant differences for openness to change, vigilance, privateness and perfectionism subscales, in terms of personality and department relationship

Electroanalytical and HPLC Methods for the Determination of Oxcarbazepine in Spiked Human Urine and Tablet Dosage Form

In this study, the electrochemical reduction and determination of oxcarbazepine were easily realized in various buffer solutions in the pH range of 4.50 to 11.15 in real samples using glassy car-bon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) tech-niques. The influence of pH on the cathodic peak current and peak potential was investigated. Scan rate studies were also completed. The diffusion controlled nature of the peak was established. The best results for the quantitative determination of oxcarbazepine were obtained by DPV technique in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 8.05). In this basic medium, one irreversible and sharp cathodic peak was observed. A linear calibration curve for DPV analysis was constructed in the oxcarbazepine concentration range of 8×10–6 to 1×10–4 M. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 1.65×10–6 and 5.51×10–6 M, respectively. Repeatability, reproducibility, precision and accuracy of the developed technique were checked in spiked human urine and tablet dosage forms by recovery studies and re-sults of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A reduction mechanism for the electrode reaction was proposed

COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology centers in Turkey

Background/aim: There is limited data on COVID-19 disease in children with kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology patients in Turkey. Materials and methods: This was a national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study based on an online survey evaluating the data between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 as an initial step of a detailed pediatric nephrology COVID-19 registry. Results: Two hundred and three patients (89 girls and 114 boys) were diagnosed with COVID-19. One-third of these patients (36.9%) were between 10–15 years old. Half of the patients were on kidney replacement therapy: kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (n = 56, 27.5%), patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 33, 16.3%) and those on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n = 18, 8.9%). Fifty-four (26.6%) children were asymptomatic. Eighty-two (40.3%) patients were hospitalized and 23 (28%) needed intensive care unit admission. Fifty-five percent of the patients were not treated, while the remaining was given favipiravir (20.7%), steroid (16.3%), and hydroxychloroquine (11.3%). Acute kidney injury developed in 19.5% of hospitalized patients. Five (2.4%) had MIS-C. Eighty-three percent of the patients were discharged without any apparent sequelae, while 7 (3.4%) died. One hundred and eight health care staff were infected during the study period. Conclusion: COVID-19 was most commonly seen in patients who underwent KTx and received HD. The combined immunosuppressive therapy and frequent exposure to the hospital setting may increase these patients’ susceptibility. Staff infections before vaccination era were alarming, various precautions should be taken for infection control, particularly optimal vaccination coverage

Glokomlu ve parkinson’lu olgularda optik koherens tomografi ile retina sinir lifi tabakası, ganglion hücre kompleksi, lamina kribroza ve koroid kalınlık ölçümlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve normal olgularla karşılaştırılması

ÖZETAmaç: Glokomlu ve Parkinson’lu hastalarda optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile peripapiller retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT), ganglion hücre kompleksi (GHK), makula, lamina kribroza (LK) ve koroid kalınlık ölçümlerinideğerlendirmek ve normal olgularla karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 26 glokomlu hastanın 52, 26 Parkinson’lu hastanın 50 ve 23 sağlıklı olgunun 46 gözü dahil edildi. Tüm olgulara tam oftalmolojik muayene sonrasında OKT (RTVue-100 5.1 Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) çekildi ve peripapiller RSLT, GHK, makula, LK ve koroid ölçümleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş ortalamaları ve cinsiyet dağılımları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p=0,144; p=0,569).Parkinson’lu grupta, ortalama RSLT kalınlığının (105,43±13,45 μm) kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında (113,75±8,53 μm) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde ince olduğu (p=0,002) ve FVK (fokal volüm kaybı) ile GVK (global volüm kaybı) oranlarının kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu (p<0,05) bulundu. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında Parkinson’lu grupta iç retinal tabakaların kalınlık ve volümündeki azalma, parafoveal superiorkadranda (p=0,024), perifoveal temporal (p=0,019), superior (p=0,005) ve inferior (p=0,026) kadranlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Ortalama LK kalınlığı glokom, Parkinson ve kontrol grubunda sırasıyla 185,67±40,36; 211,90±40,84 μm, 302,26±29,87 μm olarak ölçüldü. Glokom grubunda LK kalınlığı, kontrol grubu (p<0,001) ve Parkinson’lu grup ile karşılaştırıldığında (p<0,001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde ince idi. Parkinson’lu grupta ise LK kalınlığının kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdüzeyde daha ince olduğu bulundu (p<0,001). Parkinson’lu grupta ölçülen subfoveal (227,60±41,85 μm) ve subfoveal bölgeden 1,5 mm uzaklıktaki nazal (187,62±47,82 μm) ve temporal (194,32±41,88 μm) koroidkalınlıklarının, kontrol ve glokom grubundan anlamlı düzeyde daha ince olduğu saptandı (p<0,05).Sonuç: Nörodejeneratif bir hastalık olan Parkinson, RSLT kalınlığında ve GHK volumünde, iç retinal tabakaların kalınlığında ve volumünde, LK ve koroid kalınlığında azalmaya neden olmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Optik koherens tomografi, Parkinson hastalığı, retina sinir lifi tabakası.İNGİLİZCE ÖZET (ABSTRACT)Objective: To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), macular, lamina cribrosa (LK) and choroidal thickness measurements in glaucoma and Parkinson’s patients using opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) and comparison with normal cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 eyes of 26 glaucoma patients, 50 eyes of 26 Parkinson’s patients and 46 eyes of healthy subjects were enrolled inthe study. After a complete ophthalmic examination, all study eyes were imaged with OCT (RTVue-100 5.1 Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) and RNFL, GCC, macular, LK andchoroidal measurements were assessed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups regarding age and sex of subjects between groups (p=0,144;p=0,569). The mean RNFL thickness measurement was found significantly thinner in Parkinson’s group (105,43±13,45 μm) when compared with control subjects (113,75±8,53 μm) (p=0,002) and focal loss volume and global loss volume rates were significantly higher than control subjects (p<0,05). In Parkinson’s group the inner retinal layer thickness and volume reduction were statistically significant in parafoveal superior (p=0,024), perifoveal temporal (p=0,019), superior (p=0,005) and inferior (p=0,026) quadrants when compared with those of control group. The mean LK thicknesses were measured 185,67±40,36; 211,90±40,84 μm, 302,26±29,87 μm, in glaucoma, Parkinson’s patients and control subjects, respectively. The mean LK thickness was found significantly thinner in glaucoma group than Parkinson’s and control subjects (p<0,001, p<0,001; respectively). The mean LK thickness measurement was also found significantly thinner in Parkinson’s group when compared with control subjects (p<0,001). The choroidal thickness measurements were found significantly thinner in eyes with Parkinson’s group at subfovea (227,60±41,85 μm) and 1,5 mm nasal (187,62±47,82 μm) and temporal (194,32±41,88 μm) from the subfovea when compared those of with glaucoma and control groups (p<0,05).Conclusion: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and causes reduction of RNFL thickness, GCC volume, inner retinal layer thickness and volume, LK and choroidal thickness.Keywords: Optical coherence tomography, Parkinson’s disease, retinal nerve fiber layer

Glokomlu ve parkinson’lu olgularda optik koherens tomografi ile retina sinir lifi tabakası, ganglion hücre kompleksi, lamina kribroza ve koroid kalınlık ölçümlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve normal olgularla karşılaştırılması

Amaç: Glokomlu ve Parkinson’lu hastalarda optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile peripapiller retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT), ganglion hücre kompleksi (GHK), makula, lamina kribroza (LK) ve koroid kalınlık ölçümlerini değerlendirmek ve normal olgularla karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 26 glokomlu hastanın 52, 26 Parkinson’lu hastanın 50 ve 23 sağlıklı olgunun 46 gözü dahil edildi. Tüm olgulara tam oftalmolojik muayene sonrasında OKT (RTVue-100 5.1 Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) çekildi ve peripapiller RSLT, GHK, makula, LK ve koroid ölçümleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında yaş ortalamaları ve cinsiyet dağılımları açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p=0,144; p=0,569). Parkinson’lu grupta, ortalama RSLT kalınlığının (105,43±13,45 μm) kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında (113,75±8,53 μm) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde ince olduğu (p=0,002) ve FVK (fokal volüm kaybı) ile GVK (global volüm kaybı) oranlarının kontrol grubundan anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu (p<0,05) bulundu. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında Parkinson’lu grupta iç retinal tabakaların kalınlık ve volümündeki azalma, parafoveal superior kadranda (p=0,024), perifoveal temporal (p=0,019), superior (p=0,005) ve inferior (p=0,026) kadranlarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı. Ortalama LK kalınlığı glokom, Parkinson ve kontrol grubunda sırasıyla 185,67±40,36; 211,90±40,84 μm, 302,26±29,87 μm olarak ölçüldü. Glokom grubunda LK kalınlığı, kontrol grubu (p<0,001) ve Parkinson’lu grup ile karşılaştırıldığında (p<0,001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde ince idi. Parkinson’lu grupta ise LK kalınlığının kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha ince olduğu bulundu (p<0,001). Parkinson’lu grupta ölçülen subfoveal (227,60±41,85 μm) ve subfoveal bölgeden 1,5 mm uzaklıktaki nazal (187,62±47,82 μm) ve temporal (194,32±41,88 μm) koroid kalınlıklarının, kontrol ve glokom grubundan anlamlı düzeyde daha ince olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Nörodejeneratif bir hastalık olan Parkinson, RSLT kalınlığında ve GHK volumünde, iç retinal tabakaların kalınlığında ve volumünde, LK ve koroid kalınlığında azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Optik koherens tomografi, Parkinson hastalığı, retina sinir lifi tabakası. İNGİLİZCE (ABSTRACT) Objective: To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), macular, lamina cribrosa (LK) and choroidal thickness measurements in glaucoma and Parkinson’s patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and comparison with normal cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 eyes of 26 glaucoma patients, 50 eyes of 26 Parkinson’s patients and 46 eyes of healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. After a complete ophthalmic examination, all study eyes were imaged with OCT (RTVue-100 5.1 Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography-Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) and RNFL, GCC, macular, LK and choroidal measurements were assessed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups regarding age and sex of subjects between groups (p=0,144;p=0,569). The mean RNFL thickness measurement was found significantly thinner in Parkinson’s group (105,43±13,45 μm) when compared with control subjects (113,75±8,53 μm) (p=0,002) and focal loss volume and global loss volume rates were significantly higher than control subjects (p<0,05). In Parkinson’s group the inner retinal layer thickness and volume reduction were statistically significant in parafoveal superior (p=0,024), perifoveal temporal (p=0,019), superior (p=0,005) and inferior (p=0,026) quadrants when compared with those of control group. The mean LK thicknesses were measured 185,67±40,36; 211,90±40,84 μm, 302,26±29,87 μm, in glaucoma, Parkinson’s patients and control subjects, respectively. The mean LK thickness was found significantly thinner in glaucoma group than Parkinson’s and control subjects (p<0,001, p<0,001; respectively). The mean LK thickness measurement was also found significantly thinner in Parkinson’s group when compared with control subjects (p<0,001). The choroidal thickness measurements were found significantly thinner in eyes with Parkinson’s group at subfovea (227,60±41,85 μm) and 1,5 mm nasal (187,62±47,82 μm) and temporal (194,32±41,88 μm) from the subfovea when compared those of with glaucoma and control groups (p<0,05). Conclusion: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and causes reduction of RNFL thickness, GCC volume, inner retinal layer thickness and volume, LK and choroidal thickness. Keywords: Optical coherence tomography, Parkinson’s disease, retinal nerve fiber layer

A research study for determining tourists’ perceptions and evaluations about Alanya Castle

Bu çalışma (1) turistlerin Alanya Kalesi’ne ilişkin düşüncelerini, (2) Alanya Kalesi’nde görmüş oldukları sorunları ve (3) bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerilerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede araştırmada anket yöntemi kullanılmış ve geriye dönen 994 adet anket istatistiksel analizlerde değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları turistlerin tuvalet eksikliği, güvenlik, ulaşım ve otopark yetersizliği, bilgilendirme, çevre kirliliği ve gürültü konularında problemler algıladıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Bu sorunlara yönelik turistlerin temel çözüm önerileri ise eğitim ve bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra, turist rehberi, görevli çalışan, tuvalet, uyarı ve bilgilendirme levhaları sayısı ile kale bütçesinin artırılmasıdır.This study aims to understand (1) how well tourists think about Alanya Castle, (2) to reveal tourists’ perceptions about the problems of the castle, and (3) to learn their suggestions to solve these problems. For these purposes, a survey questionnaire was designed and a total of 994 completed questionnaires were used in the statistical analyses of the study. The results indicated that tourists had problems with toilet room, security, transportation and parking, information, environment pollution and niose issues. According to the research results, tourists’ suggestions for these problems were increasing educational activities, numbers of tourist guides, officials, toilet rooms, warning and information signboards, and castle budge

Differential scanning calorimetry as a tool to detect antibiotic residues in ultra high temperature whole milk

Detection of penicillin G, ampicillin and tetracycline in ultra high temperature whole milk was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal parameters including the heat of fusion, the evaporation temperature, the heat of evaporation and the melting temperature obtained from DSC analysis were used to characterise thermal behaviour of antibiotic free milk samples and milk samples fortified with Penicillin G, Ampicillin and Tetracycline. DSC curves of these antibiotics at selected concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8 ppb for Penicillin G and Ampicillin; 0, 100, 250, 500 ppb for Tetracycline) show big endothermic peaks in the temperature range of -30 °C and 200 °C. It was concluded that the antibiotic concentration had a significant effect on the thermal parameters at a 95% confidence level. The differences between the melting temperatures and the peak areas in heat flow curves provided a basis for detection of antibiotic residues in UHT whole milk

Effect of UV-C irradiation and heat treatment on the shelf life stability of a lemon-melon juice blend: Multivariate statistical approach

Heat treatment and UV-C irradiation of lemon and melon juice (LMJ) blends were comparatively evaluated by examining their impact on E. coli K12 (ATCC 25253) and their physicochemical properties, i.e., total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), color, turbidity and absorbance coefficient, both immediately after processing and during 30 days of refrigerated storage. The newly formulated LMJ blend containing 12% (v/v) lemon juice (pH 3.92 ± 0.01) scored the highest in the consumer acceptance test. Upon UV-C irradiation (2.461 J/mL) and heat treatment (72 °C, 71 s), the E. coli K12 population in LMJ blend was reduced by > 6 log10 CFU/mL. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) showed a clear discrimination among the physicochemical properties of the control and the UV-C and heat-treated LMJ blends during storage, suggesting that UV-C irradiation has a comparable effect on microbial stability at 4 °C and better quality preservation performance than heat treatment. Industrial relevance Melon juice has many beneficial health effects. It has high sugar content, pH (5.6-6.0) and a fairly short shelf life. Therefore, pasteurization is required. But the thermal pasteurization has some undesired effects on the juice quality. Consumer demands for high quality fruit juice with fresh-like characteristics has markedly expanded in recent years. In this study, an alternative lemon-melon juice (LMJ) blend formulation was developed, and pasteurized using both UV-C irradiation and mild heat treatment. The shelf life stability of pasteurized LMJ blends was assessed by means of principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The shelf life of LMJ blends treated by both methods was increased from 2 days to 30 days. The multivariate data analysis was successfully applied as a tool for an overall evaluation of the shelf-life of the product. UV-C irradiation has a comparable effect on microbial stability at 4 °C and better quality preservation performance than heat treatment for obtaining both shelf-stable and fresh-like LMJ blends. This would be a major advantage in processing of nutritious juice products