Additional file 1: of Changes in trust and the use of Korean medicine in South Korea: a comparison of surveys in 2011 and 2014

Questionnaire to investigate the attitude toward Korean Medicine among the public in South Korea (DOCX 21 kb

Additional file 3: of Changes in trust and the use of Korean medicine in South Korea: a comparison of surveys in 2011 and 2014

Table S1. Demographics of respondents and trust of KM and Western medicine in 2011 and 2014 (DOCX 37 kb

Table1_Anti-aging efficacy of solid-state fermented ginseng with Aspergillus cristatus and its active metabolites.DOCX

Aspergillus cristatus is a beneficial fungus of microbial fermented teas such as China’s Fuzhuan brick tea and Pu-erh tea, and is commonly called golden flower fungus (GFF) because its cleistothecium has a yellow millet or sand grain shape. Since natural materials fermented with GFF exhibit various physiological activities, a new active cosmeceutical ingredient was developed by solid-state fermentation of ginseng, a famous active material for healthy skin, with GFF. The extract of solid-state fermented ginseng with GFF (GFFG) exhibited potent anti-aging efficacy on the skin such as the increase of hyaluronic acid synthesis, aquaporin expression, and mRNA level of filaggrin in HaCaT keratinocyte. GFFG also inhibited the expression of MMP-1 increased by TNF-α in human dermal fibroblast. Sophisticated chromatographic and spectroscopic studies have elucidated isodihydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin as the metabolites which were not present in ginseng extract nor GFF extract alone. Bioassay of these metabolites revealed that these compounds were part of active principles of GFFG. These results suggest that GFFG would be a potential active ingredient in anti-aging cosmeceutical products.</p

First Insights into the Subterranean Crustacean Bathynellacea Transcriptome: Transcriptionally Reduced Opsin Repertoire and Evidence of Conserved Homeostasis Regulatory Mechanisms

<div><p>Bathynellacea (Crustacea, Syncarida, Parabathynellidae) are subterranean aquatic crustaceans that typically inhabit freshwater interstitial spaces (e.g., groundwater) and are occasionally found in caves and even hot springs. In this study, we sequenced the whole transcriptome of <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> using RNA-seq. <i>De novo</i> sequence assembly produced 74,866 contigs including 28,934 BLAST hits. Overall, the gene sequences were most similar to those of the waterflea <i>Daphnia pulex</i>. In the <i>A</i>. <i>bangokensis</i> transcriptome, no opsin or related sequences were identified, and no contig aligned to the crustacean visual opsins and non-visual opsins (i.e. arthropsins, peropsins, and melaopsins), suggesting potential regressive adaptation to the dark environment. However, <i>A</i>. <i>bangokensis</i> expressed conserved gene family sets, such as heat shock proteins and those related to key innate immunity pathways and antioxidant defense systems, at the transcriptional level, suggesting that this species has evolved adaptations involving molecular mechanisms of homeostasis. The transcriptomic information of <i>A</i>. <i>bangokensis</i> will be useful for investigating molecular adaptations and response mechanisms to subterranean environmental conditions.</p></div

Summary of the statistics from the transcriptomic analysis of the subterranean crustacean <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i>.

<p>Summary of the statistics from the transcriptomic analysis of the subterranean crustacean <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i>.</p

List of eye-related genes identified in the <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> transcriptome, presented with RPKM values and matching species information.

<p>The genes and reference protein IDs of <i>Daphnia pulex</i> were adopted from a previous study [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0170424#pone.0170424.ref037" target="_blank">37</a>].</p

Analysis of heat shock protein superfamily of the <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i>.

<p>The compositions and percentage rankings of the <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> heat shock protein (<i>Hsp</i>) superfamily (A) and their basal transcript levels represented by RPKM values (B). Detailed information is appended in the supplementary materials (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0170424#pone.0170424.s011" target="_blank">S8 Table</a>).</p

Antioxidant defense system in <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i>.

<p>A) Schematic diagram representing a proposed cascade for the antioxidant defense system, along with RPKM values of the <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> transcripts coding for the corresponding enzymes in this system. B) Phylogenetic tree of glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) proteins from <i>A</i>. <i>bangokensis</i> and from arthropods constructed by the Bayesian method.</p

The most abundant InterPro domain classifications of <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> transcript contigs.

<p>The most abundant InterPro domain classifications of <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> transcript contigs.</p

BLAST top hit species distribution.

<p>Number of top BLAST hit species identified for the <i>Allobathynella bangokensis</i> transcript contigs (A) and pie charts presenting the annotated genes and their corresponding phylum (B) and class (C). Detailed information is appended in the supplementary materials (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0170424#pone.0170424.s005" target="_blank">S2 Table</a>).</p