The crude and age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000) for mesothelioma in South Korea during the observed (1994–2013) and predicted periods (2014–2033), stratified according to sex.

<p>The arrows indicate the peak incidence rate for mesothelioma. (The peak crude incidence rate does not appear by 2033 in men).</p

The population pyramid, stratified according to sex, for South Korea in 2013 and 2033.

<p>The population pyramid, stratified according to sex, for South Korea in 2013 and 2033.</p

Estimated future incidence of malignant mesothelioma in South Korea: Projection from 2014 to 2033

<div><p>Malignant mesothelioma is a malignant tumor on the pleura or the peritoneum caused mostly by asbestos. Although asbestos is not currently used in South Korea, the incidence of mesothelioma is increasing due to its long latent period. This study predicted the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in South Korea over the next 20 years using an age-period-cohort (APC) model. Data regarding mesothelioma incidence from 1994–2013 were acquired from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). Demographic data, including prospective resident data, were acquired from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) for 1994–2033. An APC model with Møller’s power-link function was utilized to predict the incidence of mesothelioma. It was predicted that 2,380 and 1,199 new cases of mesothelioma in men and women, respectively, would occur over the next 20 years. For both sexes, the mesothelioma incidence rate was predicted to be greater in 2029–2033 compared to that in 2009–2013 (men, 0.282 vs 0.563; women, 0.155 vs 0.217). For men, the age-standardized incidence rate was predicted to be slightly greater in 2029–2033 relative to the rate in 2009–2013 (0.228 vs 0.235), while the age-standardized incidence rate in women decreased within the same timeframe (0.113 vs 0.109). The changes in mesothelioma incidence were mostly caused by changes in the population structure due to aging and not by changes in the mesothelioma risk ratio. The results of this study project a continuous increase in mesothelioma incidence in South Korea over the next 20 years. Although the projected increase in mesothelioma incidence was not related to an increase in the mesothelioma risk ratio, continuous preventive efforts are necessary to reduce the exposure to asbestos and prevent the trend from worsening.</p></div

The observed and predicted mesothelioma incidence between 2009–2013 and 2029–2033 in South Korea, stratified according to sex, with the corresponding percentage change in the number of cases decomposed into changing risk and demographic components.

<p>The observed and predicted mesothelioma incidence between 2009–2013 and 2029–2033 in South Korea, stratified according to sex, with the corresponding percentage change in the number of cases decomposed into changing risk and demographic components.</p

The age-specific incidence rates of mesothelioma in South Korea for the observed (1994–2013) and predicted periods (2014–2033), stratified according to sex.

<p>The age-specific incidence rates of mesothelioma in South Korea for the observed (1994–2013) and predicted periods (2014–2033), stratified according to sex.</p

The amount of imported and produced asbestos (1975–2008) plotted against the age-standardized and crude incidence rates in South Korea during the observed (1994–2013) and predicted periods (2014–2033).

<p>(The observed incidence rates reflect annual data).</p

Observed (1994–2013) and predicted mesothelioma cases (2029–2033) in South Korea, stratified according to sex.

<p>Observed (1994–2013) and predicted mesothelioma cases (2029–2033) in South Korea, stratified according to sex.</p

The Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Related Atherosclerotic Complications in Korea: A National Health Insurance Database Study

<div><p>Aims/Introduction</p><p>The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related macrovascular complications in Korea were estimated using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database from 2007–2011, which covers the claim data of 97.0% of the Korean population.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>T2DM, coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD) were defined according to ICD-10 codes. We used the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes provided by HIRA to identify associated procedures or surgeries. When calculating incidence, we excluded cases with preexisting T2DM within two years before the index year. A Poisson distribution was assumed when calculating 95% confidence intervals for prevalence and incidence rates.</p><p>Results</p><p>The prevalence of T2DM in Korean adults aged 20–89 years was 6.1–6.9% and the annual incidence rates of T2DM ranged from 9.5–9.8/1,000 person-year (PY) during the study period. The incidence rates of T2DM in men and women aged 20–49 years showed decreasing patterns from 2009 to 2011 (<i>P</i><0.001); by contrast, the incidence in subjects aged 70–79 years showed increased patterns from 2009 to 2011 (<i>P</i><0.001). The incidence rates of CAD and CVD in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM were 18.84/1,000 PY and 11.32/1,000 PY, respectively, in the year of diagnosis. Among newly diagnosed individuals with T2DM who were undergoing treatment for PAD, 14.6% underwent angioplasty for CAD during the same period.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study measured the national incidences of T2DM, CAD, CVD, and PAD, which are of great concern for public health. We also confirmed the relatively higher risk of CAD and CVD newly detected T2DM patients compared to the general population in Korea.</p></div

Schematic description of the study period.

<p>Schematic description of the study period.</p

The prevalence of diabetic macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 20–89 years.

<p>T2DM  =  type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAD  =  coronary artery disease; CVD  =  cardiovascular disease; PAD  =  peripheral artery disease; PCI  =  percutaneous coronary intervention.</p><p>*Claim with an ICD-10 diagnosis code as the principal or additional diagnosis, or claims involving a procedure related to the corresponding disease.</p><p>The prevalence of diabetic macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 20–89 years.</p