Correlations between plasma α-klotho levels and other parameters in patients with diabetes (n = 147).

<p>SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, protein creatinine ratio. *Log transformed data before analysis, <i>r:</i> Pearson correlation coefficient.</p

Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of non-diabetic control subjects and type 2 diabetic patients.

<p>Values are mean ± SD, number of patients (%), median (interquartile range), and geometric means (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. *<i>P</i>-values were calculated using log-transformed values. ^†<i>P</i>-values were calculated by Student's <i>t</i>-test, Mann-Whitney u-test or Pearson <i>χ²</i> test where appropriate.</p

Multiple linear regression analysis between plasma α-klotho levels and other parameters in patients with diabetes (<i>n</i> = 147).

<p>ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ACR, albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, protein creatinine ratio. *Log transformed data before analysis.</p

Plasma (A,B) and urine (C,D) levels of soluble α-klotho in normal participants (<i>n</i> = 25) and patients with type 2 diabetes (<i>n</i> = 147).

<p>Plasma and urine α-klotho levels were higher in diabetes patients with relatively preserved renal function than the non-diabetic controls (A,C). The diabetes patients were categorized into 3 groups according to urine ACR: ACR <30 mg/g creatinine (normoalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 75), ACR 30–299 mg/g creatinine (microalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 42), and ACR ≥300 mg/g creatinine (macroalbuminuria group, <i>n</i> = 30). Plasma α-klotho levels decreased in proportion to urinary albumin excretion, although urinary α-klotho levels were stable with increasing urinary albumin excretion (B,D). Data of non-diabetic control are expressed as a shaded area for the reference (B, D). Data are presented as geometric means and 95% CIs as an error bar plot. <i>P</i>-values calculated using the log-transformed values are shown in the graph. normo; normoalbuminuria, micro; microalbuminuria, macro; macroalbuminuria.</p

Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes according to albuminuria status.

<p>Values are mean ± SD, number of patients (%), median (interquartile range), and geometric means (95% CI) unless otherwise indicated. DR, diabetic retinopathy; DN, diabetic neuropathy; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TB, total bilirubin; DB, direct bilirubin; UA, uric acid; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorous; Scr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; ACR, Urine albumin creatinine ratio; PCR, Urine protein creatinine ratio. *<i>P</i>-values were calculated using log-transformed values. ^†<i>P</i>-values were calculated by ANOVA or Pearson <i>χ²</i> test where appropriate. The same superscripted letters indicate statistical significance according to Tukey's multiple comparison test.</p