Socio-Cultural Characteristics Found in Russian-Korean Translation of Metaphoric Expressions

Translation is an act of communication across dissimilar cultures as well as a dynamic activity in which translators are required to make choices and decisions for the purpose of resolving problems. This paper draws on metaphoric expressions and their translations to recapitulate that the work of translation is not limited to the languages or the texts involved but is a dynamic activity that bridges two diverse cultures. Metaphoric expressions are non-literal, have implied meanings, and are used to emphasize a point or to enhance the expression’s impressibility. Furthermore, metaphoric expressions are affected greatly by the culture to which they belong because they are created through a complex interaction between object, image, and sense. Consequently, in order to properly communicate the true meanings of these metaphoric expressions, translators play the role of an active mediator by either replacing the metaphoric expression found in ST with a different but compatible metaphoric expression or by using non-metaphoric, descriptive expressions or by appending additional explanation. This paper uses Korean translations of metaphoric expressions found in Russian source texts as examples to discuss the socio-cultural differences between the two cultures, how these characteristics are revealed in Russian-Korean translations, and how these issues are overcome. Based on the research results, the paper also emphasizes that understanding the vastly different socio-cultural characteristics of these two cultures is essential to the field of Russian-Korean translation with its relatively short history, to not only improve the quality of translations but also for the field’s continual advancements.Cet article a pour but de réfléchir sur les stratégies utilisées par les traducteurs lorsqu’ils traduisent les métaphores, le facteur qui reflète le mieux la différence socioculturelle entre deux pays. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressé à la traduction en coréen de textes écrits en russe. Le résultat de notre analyse montre qu’une bonne connaissance de la différence socioculturelle de la Russie et de la Corée est un élément primordial pour assurer la qualité de la traduction et pour surmonter les limites de la traduction coréen-russe, relativement récente en Corée.번역은 상이한 문화권 사이의 의사소통 활동이자 문제의 해결을 위해 번역사의 선택과 결정을 요구하는 역동적인 활동이다. 본 논문은 번역이 단순히 언어 대 언어, 텍스트 대 텍스트의 관계에 국한되는 것이 아니라 상이한 문화권을 중개하는 역동적인 활동이라는 것을 은유적 표현의 번역을 통해 확인해보고자 한다. 은유적 표현은 비문자적이고 함축적인 의미를 가지며, 말하고자 하는 바를 강조하거나 표현력을 향상시키는 기능을 한다. 그리고, 표현하고자 하는 대상과 이미지, 센스사이의 상호작용을 통해 복합적으로 만들어지기 때문에 해당 문화권의 영향을 많이 받는다. 따라서, 이러한 은유적 표현이 가지는 의미를 제대로 전달하기 위해서 번역사는ST 은유적 표현을 상응하는 의미를 가지는 다른 은유적 표현으로 바꾸어주거나 은유적인 특성을 가지지 않는 기술적인 표현으로 바꾸어주거나 부가적인 설명을 덧붙이는 등의 적극적인 중개노력을 기울이게 된다. 본 논문에서는 러시아어 원문텍스트에 포함되어 있는 은유적 표현이 한국어로 번역된 예들을 통해서 양 문화권 사이에 어떠한 사회-문화적 차이가 있으며, 노-한 번역에서 이러한 특성들이 어떻게 나타나는지, 그리고 어떻게 극복되는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 그리고, 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 상대적으로 그 역사가 짧은 노-한 번역이 그 번역의 질을 높이고 계속적으로 발전을 하기 위해서는 이러한 상이한 사회-문화적 특성에 대한 이해가 필수적이라는 사실을 강조하고자 한다

Alumnus Recital:Seung-Hye Lee, Piano

Center for the Performing Arts Sunday Evening November 14, 2004 7:00p.m

Graduate Recital: Seung-Hye Lee, Piano; April 18, 1998

Kemp Recital HallSaturday AfternoonApril 18, 19985:30 p.m

한국 산수화의 전통. 그의 역사적 관점과 현지화/토착화

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie koreańskiego malarstwa pejzażowego na tle historycznym. Niektóre elementy malarstwa pejzażowego pojawiły się w sztuce już w V wieku, a od VII wieku motyw gór stał się ważnym tematem. Od X do VII wieku widać wpływy chińskie na malarstwo koreańskie. Natomiast od XVIII wieku wyraźnie można zaobserwować nowy trend koreanistyczny oraz styl ludowy malarstwa pejzażowego. Natomiast we współczesnym malarstwie widoczne są tendencje do odnajdywania własnej wizji artystycznej w tym zakresie.This paper aims to provide general presentation of Korean landscape painting with historic consideration. Some Korean elements of landscape were introduced in the early 5th century, and since the 7th century, mountains have become an important theme in the formation of the image space. From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Korean landscape developed under Chinese rule. However, in the early 18th century a new painting trend – “Koreanization of the Korean landscape” – appeared and there also had emerged the folk landscape style. Furthermore, in the contemporary Korean landscape there are various attempts towards the search for one’s own artistic vision.본 논문은 한국 산수화에 대한 전반적인 역사적 고찰을 의도로 하고 있다. 5세기 초 산수화에 한국적인 요소가 도입된 후 7세기 이후 산을 주제로 한 장면은 이미지를 형성하는 주요 주제가 되어 왔다. 10-17세기 한국의 산수화는 중국 양식을 통해 발전하였다. 하지만 18세기 초 « 한국 산수화의 한국화 »라는 새로운 경향이 일어났으며, 민속 산수화 양식도 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 한국의 현대 산수화에는 특유의 새로운 예술 세계를 향해 다양한 시도가 나타나게 된다

Graduate Recital:Kiowoong Choo, Oboe Seung-Hye Lee, Piano

Kemp Recital Hall Saturday Afternoon August 23, 1997 1:30 p.m

Using In Vitro Dynamic Models To Evaluate Fluoroquinolone Activity against Emergence of Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

The objectives of this study were to determine pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of fluoroquinolones that minimize the emergence of resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) using in vitro dynamic models and to establish mechanisms of resistance. Three fluoroquinolones, difloxacin (DIF), enrofloxacin (ENR), and marbofloxacin (MAR), at five dose levels and 3 days of treatment were simulated. Bacterial killing-regrowth kinetics and emergence of resistant bacteria after antibacterial drug exposure were quantified. PK/PD indices associated with different levels of antibacterial activity were computed. Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance were determined by analyzing target mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and by analyzing overexpression of efflux pumps. Maximum losses in susceptibility of fluoroquinolone-exposed S. Typhimurium occurred at a simulated AUC/MIC ratio (area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC) of 47 to 71. Target mutations in gyrA (S83F) and overexpression of acrAB-tolC contributed to decreased susceptibility in fluoroquinolone-exposed S. Typhimurium. The current data suggest AUC/MIC (AUC/mutant prevention concentration [MPC])-dependent selection of resistant mutants of S. Typhimurium, with AUC/MPC ratios of 69 (DIF), 62 (ENR), and 39 (MAR) being protective against selection of resistant mutants. These values could not be achieved in veterinary clinical areas under the current recommended therapeutic doses of the fluoroquinolones, suggesting the need to reassess the current dosing regimen to include both clinical efficacy and minimization of emergence of resistant bacteria