Penyelesaian Kredit Bermasalah Pada PT. Bank BTPN MUR Tbk. Cabang Solo

This study aims to discuss three issues, namely how the process of resolving problem loans through litigation and non-litigation, what factors are used for the settlement of non-performing loans, the obstacles encountered in the completion of the Bank's non-performing loans in the Bank BTPN Branch Solo. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach to PT Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional (BTPN) Branch Solo. Standard completion of nonperforming loans and credit of internal control, without involving figures.The result isthatthe process ofsettlement ofnon-performing loansinthe BankBTPNBranchSolocan bedone throughlitigationistofile a lawsuitinstate courtorcommercial court, with thenon-litigationsettlementisby loweringlikemortgage interest, mortgage interestarrearsreduction, extension of timecreditandsettle or close theexisting creditat the bank. Factorsthat causeBankBTPNBranchSolochoosethe path ofnon-litigationin resolving theproblem loansistime, asifthroughlitigationtakesa longtime, the costsettlementprocessthroughlitigationrequiresa lotof funds. Results achievedwhenthroughcreditingnon-litigationdispute resolutioncanobtainmaximum results, good faithreasons for choosingnon-litigationpathwayisstillno willingnesson the part ofthe debtortosettlehis credit. Ability to paya re-analysisconductedturnsdebtor's businessis stillrunningandallow thefacilitywill be repaid.While thenon-litigationsettlement through theobstacleisbad faithof thedebtor, the debtor'slack ofawarenessofcompletingthe loanfacility, timelinessduetoinaccuratedebtorto repay the loanresulted inthe settlementbecomesprotracted, so that the burdenondebtorsgreaterresponsibility. Keywords: Nonperforming loans, Litigation, Non Litigatio

Evaluation Of Subcooling With Liquid-Suction Heat Exchanger On The Performance Of Air Conditioning System Using R22/R410A/R290/R32 As Refrigerants

This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the effect of subcooling with liquid-suction heat exchanger (LSHX) on the performance of air conditioning system using R22, R410A, R290 and R32 as refrigerants. In the near future, R290 and R32 refrigerants are projected to replace R22 and R410A as working fluids in the residential air conditioning. In this study, four parameters, i.e., the refrigerating effect, compressor work, COP and discharge temperature were investigated. In the numerical modelling, the evaporating and condensing temperatures were assumed constant at 5 oC and 40oC, respectively. The results showed that the COP improvements increased with the increase in the subcooling. R32 and R290 had the lowest and the highest COP improvement when subcooling was applied, i.e., 3.3% and 5.3% for subcooling of 5K and 6.2% and 10.2% for subcooling of 10K, respectively. Due to low global warming potential and almost identical refrigerant properties as compared to R22, system with LSHX and R290 has huge commercial potential as a replacement for conventional system in the futur

A review on sub-cooling in vapor compression refrigeration cycle for energy saving

Vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC) is widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning (R&A) systems. Sub-cooling is used to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the R&A system by enhancing the cooling capacity. This paper presents various sub-cooling methods, which have been established and applied to enhance the performance of the VCRC. In a simple cycle of VCRC, the exit of the condenser is at saturated liquid line. Further cooling of the exit condenser to the sub-cooled region can result in an increase in the cooling capacity due to low vapor quality refrigerant entering the evaporator. As a result, the refrigerant absorbs more heat in the evaporator. The lower the quality of the refrigerant entering the evaporator, the higher the cooling capacity that is produced by the evaporator. This cooling capacity improvement results in an increase in the COP. In the present study, four subcooling methods are reviewed, which are liquid-suction heat exchanger, dedicated mechanical sub-cooling, integrated mechanical sub-cooling and condensate assisted sub-cooling. The advantages and drawbacks of each method, as well as future research direction in this research domain were discussed in detai

Effect of compressor-discharge-cooler heat-exchanger length using condensate water on the performance of a split-type air conditioner using R32 as working fluid

The utilization of condensate water as a compressor-discharge cooler results in subcooling on the condenser outlet. On the other hand, a split-type air conditioner (A/C) with R32 as working fluid can provide higher compressor-discharge temperatures than other refrigerants used in the same A/C. Therefore, A/C working with R32, equipped with a heat exchanger by utilizing waste-condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler, has promising potential to produce the largest subcooling effect in air-conditioning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler on the performance of an A/C using R32 as the working fluid with different sizes of heat exchanger. The experimental study was carried out on the A/C with a compressor capacity of 1.1 kW, using three different heat-exchanger lengths, i.e., 18, 20 and 22 cm. The results indicated that longer heat exchangers produced higher degrees of sub-cooling; the heat exchangers with lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm produced average degrees of subcooling of 0.9, 1.5 and 4.5 K, respectively. Therefore, increments in the degree of subcooling generate improvements in cooling capacity, lowering the compressor-input power, and enhance the COP of the A/C. The average COP improvement of the A/C with heat-exchanger lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm were 9.1, 14.4 and 27.3%, respectively

Experimental investigation on the performance of residential air conditioning system using water condensate for subcooling

The experimental investigation of subcooling effects on system COP was carried out on a residential air conditioning using R410A as working fluid, with a compressor capacity of about 0.75 kW. In the experiment, the indoor and outdoor temperatures were controlled at 24°C and 32°C. The results showed that the use of condensate water lowers the refrigerant temperature in the condenser outlet by 2.7°C. By lowering the refrigerant temperature, the cooling capacity of the air conditioning can be enhanced. The decrease in of refrigerant temperature results in COP improvement 16.4%. Besides increasing the COP, the condensate water also decreases the discharge compressor temperature by 7.6°C. The decrease in of the discharge compressor temperature resulted in the decrease in power consumption of the air conditioning system by 5.9%

Experimental investigation on the performance of residential air conditioning system using water condensate for subcooling

The experimental investigation of subcooling effects on system COP was carried out on a residential air conditioning using R410A as working fluid, with a compressor capacity of about 0.75 kW. In the experiment, the indoor and outdoor temperatures were controlled at 24°C and 32°C. The results showed that the use of condensate water lowers the refrigerant temperature in the condenser outlet by 2.7°C. By lowering the refrigerant temperature, the cooling capacity of the air conditioning can be enhanced. The decrease in of refrigerant temperature results in COP improvement 16.4%. Besides increasing the COP, the condensate water also decreases the discharge compressor temperature by 7.6°C. The decrease in of the discharge compressor temperature resulted in the decrease in power consumption of the air conditioning system by 5.9%

Performance comparison of DME and R134a refrigerants in a room air conditioner: Effect of subcool and superheat

The demand for environmentally friendly refrigerants arises to anticipate two global environmental issues: global warming and climate change. The use of environmentally friendly refrigerants is one of the efforts to address these issues. This study aims to investigate the possibility of the use of dimethyl ether (DME) for substituting R134a that has been widely used worldwide. The simulation reveals that both subcool and superheat affect the performance of both refrigerants. The cooling capacity of R134a system increases with the increase of subcool and superheat. Meanwhile, even though the cooling capacity of DME increases with the increase of subcool, it decreases with the increase of superheat. For subcool 0C, DME has a coefficient of performance (COP) 4.8% higher than that of R134a although the cooling capacity is 4.5% lower. When the subcool is set at 8C, the cooling capacity of DME is 6.5% lower than R134a but the COP is 2.6% higher. Another important finding in this study is that the best performance of DME over R134a is obtained at low subcool and low superheat

The Influence of Room and Ambient Temperatures of Exergy Loss in Air Conditioning Using Ejector as an Expansion Device with R290 as Working Fluid

This paper presents a numerical approach on exergy loss in an air conditioner (A/C) using ejector asexpansion device with R290 (propane) as working fluid. R290 is a natural refrigerant and environmental friendly, recommended by many researchers as a substitute for R22. In the numerical approach, exergy analysis was carried out on an A/C with cooling capacity of 2.4 kW, and the room and the ambient temperatures were varied from 18 °C to 26 °C and 30 °C to 34 °C respectively. The results show that the total exergy loss in an air conditioner using ejector as an expansion device is lower than that of using conventional as an expansion device. In addition, exergy analysis shows that thegradients of increment of total exergy loss due to increase in the ambient temperature are constant, that is 0.003 for the five different room temperatures, namely 18 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C, 24 °C and 26 °C

Effect of Compressor-Discharge-Cooler Heat-Exchanger Length Using Condensate Water on the Performance of a Split-Type Air Conditioner Using R32 as Working Fluid

The utilization of condensate water as a compressor-discharge cooler results in subcooling on the condenser outlet. On the other hand, a split-type air conditioner (A/C) with R32 as working fluid can provide higher compressor-discharge temperatures than other refrigerants used in the same A/C. Therefore, A/C working with R32, equipped with a heat exchanger by utilizing waste-condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler, has promising potential to produce the largest subcooling effect in air-conditioning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of condensate water as the compressor-discharge cooler on the performance of an A/C using R32 as the working fluid with different sizes of heat exchanger. The experimental study was carried out on the A/C with a compressor capacity of 1.1 kW, using three different heat-exchanger lengths, i.e., 18, 20 and 22 cm. The results indicated that longer heat exchangers produced higher degrees of subcooling; the heat exchangers with lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm produced average degrees of subcooling of 0.9, 1.5 and 4.5 K, respectively. Therefore, increments in the degree of subcooling generate improvements in cooling capacity, lowering the compressor-input power, and enhance the COP of the A/C. The average COP improvement of the A/C with heat-exchanger lengths of 18, 20 and 22 cm were 9.1, 14.4 and 27.3%, respectively