Implementation of Kalman Filter on Pid Control System for DC Motor Under Noisy Condition

DC motors are actuators that are widely used in various fields. The reason is that DC motors are easy to control, high torque at low speed, and fast response. Angular velocity of DC motor is regulated automatically by using certain controls method, the most commonly used of which is PID control. The performance of the control system decreases in the presence of disturbance or noise. The presence of noise give has negative impacts such as instability in control response, decreased accuracy, and difficulty in tuning PID gain. The most common disturbance comes from the inaccuracy data due to measurement noise and process noise. In this study, the Kalman filter is proposed as a state estimator to reduce the influence of noise, both process noise and measurement noise. The Kalman filter provides an optimal estimate of the angular velocity of DC motor by minimizing the mean squared error. The estimated angular velocity from Kalman Filter is utilized as input for PID control. Simulation results show that the Kalman filter is capable to reduces the influence of measurement noise. In nominal condition, PID control give an Integral Absolute Error (IAE) of 344.56. Under noisy condition, PID control (without Kalman filter) has an IAE of 517.27, while Kalman filter-based PID control has an IAE of 345.25. The IAE reduction of 99.6% indicates that the proposed control system effectively minimizes errors, resulting in better performance and stability

Kalman Filter to Improve Performance of PID Control Systems on DC Motors

A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is a type of control system that is most widely applied in industrial world. Various tuning models have been developed to obtain optimal performance in PID control. However, the methods are designed under ideal circumstances. This means that the control system which has been built will not work optimally when noise exists. Noise can come from electrical vibrations, inference of electronic components, or other noise sources. Thus, it is necessary to design PID control system that can work optimally without being disturbed by noise. In this research, Kalman filter was used to improve the performance of PID controllers. The application of Kalman filter was used to reduce the noise of the input signal so that it could generate output signal which is in accordance with the expected output. Simulation result showed that the PID performance with Kalman filter was more optimal than the ordinary one to minimize the existing noise. The resulting speed of DC motor with Kalman filter had a lower overshoot than PID control without Kalman filter. This method resulted lower integral of absolute error (IAE) than ordinary PID controls. The IAE value for the PID controller with the Kalman filter was 25.4, the PID controller with the observer was 31.0, while the IAE value in the ordinary controller was only 60.9

IMPLEMENTATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING IN THE RECOGNITION OF OFFICIAL VEHICLE LICENSE PLATES

Vehicle license plates are identifiers used to uniquely identify vehicles. However, to identify vehicle license plates there are several problems encountered, namely the different formats of vehicle license plates that make license plate recognition more complicated, vehicle license plates often contain visually similar combinations of letters and numbers (for example the letter "O" and the number "0" or the letter "I" and the number "1"), . in poor lighting conditions license plates may not be clearly visible. To solve this problem, image recognition, image processing, and pattern recognition technologies can be used. The three technologies can be used to recognize characters on vehicle license plates, but cannot yet be used to recognize the colors contained on vehicle license plates. The purpose of this research is to identify and record vehicle license plate numbers quickly and accurately, monitor the presence of vehicles in a supervised area, assist in managing parking, reduce the need for human interaction in the vehicle identification process, The methods used to recognize motor vehicle plates are edge detection and character segmentation which involves image processing to detect the edges of the vehicle plate, followed by segmentation of individual characters in the plate. Another method used is optical character recognition which involves using an optical sensor to take an image of a vehicle plate, then using character recognition techniques to identify the numbers and letters on the plate. The result of this research is that the motor vehicle number recognition system can work in various lighting conditions and poor weather conditions and can monitor and control vehicles in the parking area. The finding obtained from this research is that no method has been used for color recognition on motor vehicle plates

THE POSITION AND AUTHORITY OF THE INFORMATION COMMISSION INSTITUTIONS IN THE STATE ORDER ON THE SETTLEMENT OF PUBLIC INFORMATION DISPUTES AND THE RESULTING JUDGMENTS

ABSTRACTThe Public Information Commission is one of the institutions appointed by the state in terms of resolving information disputes that occur in people's lives. Which all matters relating to the information commission institution have been explained in Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure.The purpose of this study is to find out the position and authority of the Information Commission in resolving information disputes and how decisions are made based on Law Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Disclosure. While the research method uses the type and research approach used is normative juridical with the nature of descriptive research, which uses data on Islamic law and secondary data. Then, the data is processed using qualitative analysis.Based on the research, it can be seen that the Information Commission is an independent institution that is ad hoc in nature, which means that it can be disbanded at any time if it is deemed unnecessary by the state. The position and authority, as well as the settlement process and the results of decisions made by the Information Commission have been explained in Law Number 14 of 2008. Which mediation and adjudication are decisions given at the end of an information dispute case where the decision is final and binding. Keywords: Information Commission; Public Information; Dispute resolutio

Makassar Strait Throughflow Seasonal and Interannual Variability: An Overview

The Makassar Strait throughflow of ~12–13 Sv, representing ~77% of the total Indonesian Throughflow, displays fluctuations over a broad range of time scales, from intraseasonal to seasonal (monsoonal) and interannual scales. We now have 13.3 years of Makassar throughflow observations: November 1996 to early July 1998; January 2004 to August 2011; and August 2013 to August 2017. Strong southward transport is evident during boreal summer, modulated by an ENSO interannual signal, with weaker southward flow and a deeper subsurface velocity maximum during El Niño; stronger southward flow with a shallower velocity maximum during La Niña. Accordingly, the southward heat flux, a product of the along‐channel current and temperature profiles, is significantly larger in summer and slightly larger during La Niña. The southward flow relaxed in 2014 and more so in 2015/2016, similar though not as extreme as during the strong El Niño event of 1997. In 2017, the throughflow increased to ~20 Sv. Since 2016, the deep layer, 300‐ to 760‐m southward transport increases, almost doubling to ~7.5 Sv. From mid‐2016 into early 2017, the transports above 300 m and below 300 m are about equal, whereas previously, the ratio was about 2.7:1. Near zero or northward flow occurs in the upper 100 m during boreal winter, albeit with interannual variability. Particularly strong winter reversals were observed in 2014/2015 and 2016/2017, the latter being the strongest winter reversal revealed in the entire Makassar time series

Mini Riset Sebagai Metode Pembelajaran Sosiologi Materi Permasalahan Sosial Di Masyarakat

oai:ojs.ejurnal.man4kotapekanbaru.sch.id:article/9The lack of variety of learning methods and models makes sociology one of the subjects often considered boring. Because of this, students' interest in learning is minimal, and their learning achievement is also low. This study aims to look at implementing the mini-research method as an alternative method of learning sociology, especially on social issues. The method used is descriptive qualitative by analyzing various literature related to the topic and the author's implementation. The application of this method indicates an increase in students' interest in learning which can be seen from their enthusiasm for participating in learning. Furthermore, understanding of the material is also increasing, as evidenced by the evaluation results, which show good grades. Finally, this study concludes that the Mini Research method can be an alternative method of learning sociology, especially on social issue

“Analisis Pengaruh Inklusi Keuangan Dan Human Capital Terhadap Produksi Usaha Tani Bunga Potong (Studi Pada Desa Gunungsari, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu)”

Usaha tani bunga potong (florikultura) menjadi usaha pertanian andalan di Kota Batu, karena tingginya permintaan masyarakat akan bunga potong yang memiliki nilai estetik tinggi, dapat dimanfaatkan diberbagai kesempatan, dan memiliki waktu panen yang singkat, sehingga usaha tani bunga potong sangat berpotensi untuk terus dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inklusi keuangan dan human capital terhadap produksi usaha tani bunga potong di Desa Gunungsari, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuisioner kepada 160 sampel penelitian. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglass, untuk mengetahui elastisitas variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dan return to scale dari usaha tani. Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inklusi keuangan yang di lihat dari akses kredit/pinjaman perbankan dan human capital yang di lihat dari tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi bunga potong. Selain itu, return to scale dari usaha tani bunga potong masuk kategori increasing return to scale. Implikasi dari adanya penelitian ini adalah, pelaku usaha tani perlu tergabung dalam inklusi keuangan, serta perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di sektor pertanian, sehingga bisa mengalokasikan sumber daya secara efisien untuk mengoptimalkan produksi usaha tani

Pengaruh Harga, Cash On Delivery, Gratis Ongkos Pengiriman, Review Positif, Dan Status Verifikasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Di Marketplace (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Feb Ub Saat Pandemi Covid 19)

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah perilaku konsumen, dari pembelian tatap muka menjadi belanja online.Di masa pandemi, ada mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya yanglebih suka belanja via marketplace, tapi mereka kecewa karena barangnya tidak seperti yang adadiharapkan atau rusak. Namun, mereka terus menggunakan pasar. Tujuan dari penelitian iniadalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi siswa untuk berbelanja di pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dari 100siswa sebagai responden. Variabel independennya adalah harga, opsi cash-on-delivery, pengiriman gratis, positifulasan, dan status terverifikasi toko, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah keputusan pembelian. Pangkat Spearmankoefisien korelasi digunakan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa harga secara negatif mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian dan bahwa opsi pengiriman tunai, pengiriman gratis, ulasan positif, dan status verifikasi toko memiliki efek positif pada keputusan pembelian

Analisis Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Konformitas, Dan Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Generasi Z Di Kota Malang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh literasi keuangan, konformitas, dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap perilaku konsumtif generasi Z di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskripstif di mana metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang disebar kepada individu yang berkategorikan generasi Z di Kota Malang dengan besar sampel sebesar 100 orang. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dan diuji menggunakan metode korelasi Rank Spearman untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara parsial, dan Konkordansi Kendall W untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (X1) secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumtif (Y), konformitas (X2); dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumtif (Y). Kemudian literasi keuangan (X1), konformitas (X2), dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua (X3), secara simultan atau bersama- sama berpengaruh nyata terhadap perilaku konsumtif (Y), dan dijelaskan pula bahwa variabel status sosial ekonomi merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtif generasi Z di Kota Malang

Analisis Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Kasus Pada Negara Asia Tenggara Maritim)

Sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor potensial untuk dikembangkan dengan tujuan akhir pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara. Sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor unggulan dan potensial di wilayah Asia Tenggara yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya berbagai strategi dengan tujuan meningkatkan angka pariwisata. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat bagaimana perngaruh sector pariwisata terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara Asia Tenggara Maritim. Data yang digunakan berbentuk panel sehingga metodologi penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa variabel jumlah wisatawan asing dan penerimaan pariwisata memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sedangkan variabel nilai tukar memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi