Removal Of Residue Oil From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (Pome) Using Chitosan [TD899.I27 S955 2004 f rb] [Microfiche 7577].

Penyelidikan ini difokuskan untuk menyelidik dan mengkaji penggunaan kitosan sebagai bahan penjerap serta pengental minyak sisa berlebihan dalam sebarang air sisa berminyak. The focus of this research was to investigate and study the usage of chitosan as an adsorbent as well as a coagulant to adsorb and coagulate the excessive residue oil from an oily wastewater

Removal Of SO2 And NO From Simulated Flue Gas Using Cerium-Modified Palm Shell Activated Carbon

The focus of this research was to study the usage of oil palm shell made activated carbon as a sorbent to remove SO2 and NO gases simultaneously from simulated flue gas. The palm oil industry plays a major role in Malaysian economic especially in enhancing the economic welfare of the population. Despite obvious benefits of this industrial development, its activity contributes to abundant solid waste. Palm shell derived from the fruit bunch of oil palm, is one of the solid wastes

Hydrogen sulfide emission sources, regulations, and removal techniques: a review

This review highlights the recent technologies of H2S removal from wastewater in the petroleum refinery. H2S is a harmful, putrid, and hazardous gaseous compound. The main processes such as physicochemical, chemical, biological, and electrochemical methods were compared and discussed in detail. The effects of various parameters and adsorbent characteristics were highlighted and correlated with the adsorption capacities. Surface functional groups and porosity surface area play a crucial role in the process of single-phase and composite adsorbents. Composite materials impregnated with some metals showed high removal efficiencies. It was found that the adsorption process is the most relevant way for H2S removal due to its high removal efficiency, low cost, eco-friendly, and operational simplicity. This study serves as a useful guideline for those who are interested in H2S removal

Preparation of Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Derived Bimetallic Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane

In the past decade, efforts have been focused on development of catalyst to show high activity for dry reforming of methane (DRM). The development of catalyst has been crucial to be carried out as this may significantly reduce the concentration of most common greenhouse gases, namely methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In present work, a series of varying molar ratio of Ni:Ce metal organic framework (MOF) derived catalysts were grown on alumina in one step. The synthesis steps were in accordance to reported solvothermal method for the syntheses of NH2-MIL-88B with slight modification. This was followed by reduction at 500°C in hydrogen environment for 1 h. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were probed by powder XRD, BET surface area analysis, EDX, ICP, CO2-TPD and H2-TPR. XRD showed that diffraction patterns were in agreement with the diffraction pattern of MOF synthesized in previous work, thus confirmed the successful formation of the MOF structure. The variation in the molar ratio of Ni:Ce did not show significant difference in the diffraction pattern of the MOF-derived catalysts. For reduction phase, sharp diffraction peaks were detected at 2? = 44.5°, 51.85°, and 76.37°, which can be indexed to (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0) planes of face-centered cubic (FCC) metallic Ni, respectively. The addition of Ce promoted smaller particle size of Ni, ranging from 4.6 nm to 6.88 nm. The presence of CeO2 was observed at 2? = 28.6°, 33.0°, and 56.4°. Elemental distribution was compared between EDX and ICP-OES. ICP-OES and EDX analyses indicated that weight percent of bimetallic metal of Ni and Ce was consistent, in which the amount of respective metal obeyed the ratio trend of the metal precursors added during the MOF synthesis. This suggested the homogeneity of the catalyst, even though EDX showed relatively higher weight percent than ICP-OES. The catalytic performance of catalysts showed that 1Ni1Ce exhibited better conversion of CH4 and CO2, with 63.5% and 86.8% respectively at 800oC, and the conversion tend to increase at a higher temperature. The results were convincing for the design of a performing catalyst for DRM process

Biochars as Potential Adsorbers of CH4, CO2 and H2S

Methane gas, as one of the major biogases, is a potential source of renewable energy for power production. Biochar can be readily used to purify biogas contaminants such as H2S and CO2. This study assessed the adsorption of CH4, H2S, and CO2 onto four different types of biochars. The adsorption dynamics of biochars were investigated in a fixed-bed column, by determining the breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities of biochars. The physicochemical properties of biochars were considered to justify the adsorption performance. The results showed that CH4 was not adsorbed well by the subjected biochars whereas CO2 and H2S were successfully captured. The H2S and CO2 breakthrough capacity were related to both the surface adsorption and chemical reaction. The adsorption capacity was in the following order: perilla > soybean stover > Korean oak > Japanese oak biochars. The simultaneous adsorption also leads to a competition of sorption sites. Biochars are a promising material for the biogas purification industry

Biochars as Potential Adsorbers of CH4, CO2 and H2S

Methane gas, as one of the major biogases, is a potential source of renewable energy for power production. Biochar can be readily used to purify biogas contaminants such as H2S and CO2. This study assessed the adsorption of CH4, H2S, and CO2 onto four different types of biochars. The adsorption dynamics of biochars were investigated in a fixed-bed column, by determining the breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities of biochars. The physicochemical properties of biochars were considered to justify the adsorption performance. The results showed that CH4 was not adsorbed well by the subjected biochars whereas CO2 and H2S were successfully captured. The H2S and CO2 breakthrough capacity were related to both the surface adsorption and chemical reaction. The adsorption capacity was in the following order: perilla > soybean stover > Korean oak > Japanese oak biochars. The simultaneous adsorption also leads to a competition of sorption sites. Biochars are a promising material for the biogas purification industry

Optimization and Characterization Study of Preparation Factors of Activated Carbon Derived from Coconut shell to Remove of H2S from Wastewater

The main point of this work is to investigate the preparations variables of activated carbon derived from coconut shell (CSAC) for removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from wastewater. The CSAC was chemically modified with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to prepare the CSAC. The three preparation variables impact on the removal efficiency (%) of H2S were examined. The preparation parameters to the responses were correlated by developing a quadratic model. The analysis of variance shows the significant impact of variable on each experimental design responses. The results show that the temperature of 857◦C, chemical impregnation ratio of 3.4wt% and activation time of 66 min were the optimum conditions for CSAC preparation of with removal efficiency of 88.8%

Valorization of Raw and Calcined Chicken Eggshell for Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Removal at Low Temperature

Chicken eggshell (ES) is a waste from the food industry with a high calcium content produced in substantial quantity with very limited recycling. In this study, eco-friendly sorbents from raw ES and calcined ES were tested for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal. The raw ES was tested for SO2 and H2S adsorption at different particle size, with and without the ES membrane layer. Raw ES was then subjected to calcination at different temperatures (800 °C to 1100 °C) to produce calcium oxide. The effect of relative humidity and reaction temperature of the gases was also tested for raw and calcined ES. Characterization of the raw, calcinated and spent sorbents confirmed that calcined eggshell CES (900 °C) showed the best adsorption capacity for both SO2 (3.53 mg/g) and H2S (2.62 mg/g) gas. Moreover, in the presence of 40% of relative humidity in the inlet gas, the adsorption capacity of SO2 and H2S gases improved greatly to about 11.68 mg/g and 7.96 mg/g respectively. Characterization of the raw and spent sorbents confirmed that chemisorption plays an important role in the adsorption process for both pollutants. The results indicated that CES can be used as an alternative sorbent for SO2 and H2S removal

Landfill leachate Treatment By Low Cost Activated Carbon Prepared From Agriculture Waste

Adsorption via activated carbon (AC) is one of the superior treatments for stabilized landfill leachate, but expensive and limited resource of AC precursor (bituminous and lignite) limit application of this technique in landfill leachate treatment. Based on previous studies, agriculture waste performed as an excellence potential for AC precursor. Thus, present study evaluates the sugarcane bagasse derived activated carbon (SBAC) for adsorptive removal of ammonical nitrogen, COD, and color from old anaerobic landfill leachate located in Perak, Malaysia. The chemical and physical properties of adsorbent were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of AC dosage (g) on adsorption performance were investigated in a batch mode study. Equilibrium data were favorably described by Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for NH3-N, COD and color at 14.62 mg/g, 126.58 mg/g and 555.56 Pt/Co, respectively. The results illustrated the potential usability of SBAC for treatment of anaerobic landfill leachate

Potential of functionalised cellulose from oil palm biomass as nitrogen and phosphorus based nutrient adsorbent – A review

By the year 2020, oil palm biomass in Malaysia is projected to reach between 85-110 million tonnes per year. Instead of disposing off such a massive amount of biomass as waste, the oil palm biomass could be converted into value-added products. Since lignocellulosic materials could be a suitable adsorbent for nitrogen and phosphorus-based nutrients from aquaculture effluent based on studies conducted by other countries, it would be an excellent opportunity to monetise oil palm biomass for a similar purpose as well. There are many well-established extraction methods introduced by researchers. However, only a handful of the extraction method involved the use of green chemicals. This paper provides a review of the extraction and modification for oil palm biomass towards becoming a potential adsorbent for nitrogen and phosphorus-based nutrients