千葉大学真菌医学研究センター概要 1997

<p>Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (societal perspective): (a) scatter plot of incremental societal cost in US$and incremental number of appropriately treated fever episodes resulting from replacing clinical diagnosis of malaria by rapid diagnostic test, 2011 (US$1 = GHS1.51) and (b) cost-effectiveness acceptability curve.</p

MOESM1 of Geo-spatial factors associated with infection risk among young children in rural Ghana: a secondary spatial analysis

Additional file 1: Tables S1–S3. Results from spatial Models 1–3 of baseline infection status. Three tables summarizing the set of results from Model 1 (individual-level variables), Model 2 (household-level variables), and Model 3 (satellite-derived variables) for all four infection definitions

Additional file 1: of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections may not be shortened by acquired immunity

This document contains additional interpretations, analyses and figures based on the results of fitting all four candidate immigration-death models to the long-interval data. The implications of the estimated distributions of infection duration on the time to elimination, on the variation in infection durations and on senescence of infections are briefly discussed

Additional file 1: of Utilization of community-based health planning and services compounds in the Kintampo North Municipality: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study

Interview schedule for data collection on the utilization of Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) Compounds (A list of questions asked to study participants). (DOCX 37 kb

Proportion of children with high density parasite (HDP) in the red cell polymorphisms.

<p>Children with high density parasite (HDP) defined as ≧10,000 parasites/µL of blood was classified according to the red cell polymorphisms. This cut off value was used because of the likelihood of a clinical attack when blood-stage parasites density exceeds 10,000 parasites/µL in endemic regions. Thick blood films were stained with Giemsa and the numbers of malaria parasites were counted against leukocytes. The microscopist counted fields containing 200 leukocytes. If <10 parasites were observed, the counting continued up to 500 leukocytes. Where microscopists did the parasite counts in the thin film (against 2,000 red blood cells) as a result of heavy parasitaemia (greater or equal to 100 parasites per thick smear high power field), parasites counted were recalculated with 200 WBC. Parasite densities were calculated using absolute leukocytes/L of blood. (<b>A</b>), Bars indicate percentage of children with HDP in the haemoglobin variants subgroup and (<b>B</b>) bars showing HDP in the G6PD variants subgroup.</p

Association between the red cell polymorphisms and clinical malaria.

<p>Association between the red cell polymorphisms and clinical malaria.</p

Geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) of children with the different red cell polymorphisms.

<p>Peripheral blood collected into EDTAK2 anticoagulant was used to prepare both thick and thin blood smears. Giemsa stained thick blood films were used for parasitological assessment and parasite densities were calculated using the absolute leucocytes counts. The parasitaemia per µl of blood was calculated by using the WHO (1996) formula:  = (Number of parasites counted/WBC counted) × absolute WBC count/µL of participant. Parasite densities are reported as geometric means for parasitaemic children with (<b>A</b>) showing haemoglobin variants, HbAA (n = 167), HbAS (n = 10), HbAC (n = 37) and (<b>B</b>) G6PD normal (n = 182), G6PD deficient (n = 37) genotypes. Thus bars represent GMPD of individual red cell polymorphisms and their 95% confidence intervals represented as line.</p

Mean Haemoglobin levels for children with different red cell polymorphisms.

<p>About 0.5 ml of capillary blood by finger prick was collected into EDTAK2 anticoagulant tubes for each child and after performing the daily quality controls, the samples run on ABX Micro60 Haematology analyzer (ABX-Horiba, France) to determine haemoglobin levels of children with different red cell polymorphism. Mean haemoglobin levels (mHb) were calculated for the different red cell polymorphisms. mHb for the Haemoglobin variants (<b>A</b>) and G6PD variants (<b>B</b>) are indicated by the bars and their confidence intervals (CI) indicated as lines.</p

Baseline characteristic of the study population.

<p>Baseline characteristic of the study population.</p

The prevalence of red blood cell polymorphisms.

<p>The prevalence of red blood cell polymorphisms.</p