Studies on the synthesis of bis-quaternary ammonium salts of geometrical isomers and its potential as bioregulators

290-298Tertiary amine N,N-dimethyl-2-nitrophenylmethanamine 4 prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde 3 by Leuckart’s reaction and (3-N,N-diethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-oate 9 and 3-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl 2-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)acetate 14 prepared through the formation of glycidyl ester have been reacted with  dichlorides of maleic acid and fumaric acid, which in turn have been prepared by reacting these acids with thionyl chloride to get bis-quaternary ammonium salts 1a-c and 2a-c. The synthesized salts 1a-c and 2a-c are tested  on rice (Oryza sativa, PR-114) for their biological activity. All the tested compounds are found to possess good plant growth retardant activity. Compound 2c is found to be the best plant growth retardant among the six newly synthesized compounds

SCOPE: Surveillance of COVID-19 in pregnancy- results of a multicentric ambispective case-control study on clinical presentation and maternal outcomes in India between April to November 2020.

ObjectiveTo determine the clinical manifestations, risk factors, treatment modalities and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with lab-confirmed COVID-19 and compare it with COVID-19 negative pregnant women in same age group.DesignMulticentric case-control study.Data sourcesAmbispective primary data collection through paper-based forms from 20 tertiary care centres across India between April and November 2020.Study populationAll pregnant women reporting to the centres with a lab-confirmed COVID-19 positive result matched with controls.Data qualityDedicated research officers extracted hospital records, using modified WHO Case Record Forms (CRF) and verified for completeness and accuracy.Statistical analysisData converted to excel files and statistical analyses done using STATA 16 (StataCorp, TX, USA). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsA total of 76,264 women delivered across 20 centres during the study period. Data of 3723 COVID positive pregnant women and 3744 age-matched controls was analyzed. Of the positive cases 56·9% were asymptomatic. Antenatal complications like preeclampsia and abruptio placentae were seen more among the cases. Induction and caesarean delivery rates were also higher among Covid positive women. Pre-existing maternal co-morbidities increased need for supportive care. There were 34 maternal deaths out of the 3723(0.9%) positive mothers, while covid negative deaths reported from all the centres were 449 of 72,541 (0·6%).ConclusionCovid-19 infection predisposed to adverse maternal outcomes in a large cohort of Covid positive pregnant women as compared to the negative controls