Zn(BH4)2/2NaCl: A Novel Reducing System for Efficient Reduction of Organic Carbonyl Compounds to Their Corresponding Alcohols

Zn(BH4)2/2NaCl, obtained by the reaction of ZnCl2 and NaBH4 ,is a stable, efficient and selective reducing system in dry-THF. The Zn(BH4)2/2NaCl system (0.5–1 mmol) reduces a variety of carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols in CH3CN at room temperature in high to excellent yields.KEYWORDS Reduction, carbonyl compounds, Zn(BH4)2, chemoselective, regioselectivity, NaCl

PREVENTION METHODS AND TYPES OF ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT

Purpose and Background: The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of prevention methods on the incidence of different types of academic misconduct. Plagiarism is a pervasive occurrence and educational systems have had to deal with it and paid a lot because of it for a long time.Methodology: The method of this study is descriptive, in terms of implementation, it is a survey, and in terms of purpose, it is practical. Data for this study were collected using a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by a number of sports management faculty and its reliability calculated 87/0 with Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was designed with a Likert scale of 5 values. The participants of the study include physical education students all over the country. Based on geographic regions of the country, five universities selected from the North, South, East, West and center of the country all of which were graduate students of physical education. The statistical sample of the study included graduate students of Physical Education in Tehran, Shiraz, Kurdistan, Mazandaran and Mashhad Universities. The selection of sample was available by stratified-Stochastic sampling method. Sample size in five colleges determined, based on the number of graduate students of this five faculty and using Morgan table.Results: The findings show the importance of prevention methods, especially the knowledgeable observers and judges at various stages of research in occurring academic misconduct.Conclusion: In order to deal with all kinds of academic misconduct, the directors of the affair must give special attention to the prevention methods, especially the knowledgeable observers and judges as an affecting factor in the incidence of academic misconducts.  Article visualizations

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FITNESS AND BODY COMPOSITION WITH GENERAL HEALTH OF NON-ATHLETE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MIANDOAB

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and body composition with overall health of non-athlete high school boys of Miandoab in 2014-2015 school year. One hundred one students were selected by convenience sampling method. To check the physical fitness, subjects' indices such abdominal muscle endurance (sit up), flexibility (seated hand stretch to toe), cardiorespiratory endurance (548 meter race), agility (4 in 9 meters race) shoulder girdle muscles endurance (modified horizontal bar), sprint (45 meters), and body composition by measuring subcutaneous fat in triceps and calf using Slater et al formula were measured. To check the general health status, General Health Questionnaire was used. Analysis of the data showed that there was no significant relationship between body composition components (P=0.045). No significant relationship was observed between physical fitness and general health subscales (P=0.292), which may be due to sampling foolproof. There was a significant relationship between flexibility and cardio-respiratory endurance with some general health measures (P=0.038). The negative correlation between the level of physical fitness and general health indicators and its scores' getting lower indicate a lack of physical and mental health. Moreover, the significance of the relationship between flexibility and cardio-respiratory endurance with indices of general health factors may be due to the impact of fitness elements on individuals' health  Article visualizations

Iron-catalysed, general and operationally simple formal hydrogenation using Fe(OTf)(3) and NaBH4

An operationally simple and environmentally benign formal hydrogenation protocol has been developed using highly abundant iron(iii) salts and an inexpensive, bench stable, stoichiometric reductant, NaBH(4), in ethanol, under ambient conditions. This reaction has been applied to the reduction of terminal alkenes (22 examples, up to 95% yield) and nitro-groups (26 examples, up to 95% yield). Deuterium labelling studies indicate that this reaction proceeds via an ionic rather than radical mechanism

Convenient Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds to their Corresponding Alcohols with NaBH4/(NH4)2C2O4 System

Sodium borohydride (0.4–1.5 equivalents) in the presence of ammonium oxalate (0.2 equivalents) reduces varieties of organic carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, acyloins, α-diketones and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohols. Reduction reactions were carried out in acetonitrile in high to excellent yields of products. Thechemoselective reduction of aldehydes over ketones was accomplished successfully with this reducing system. In addition, regioselectivity and exclusive 1,2-reduction of conjugated carbonyl compounds to their corresponding allylic alcohols in high to excellent yields was achieved successfully with this reducing system.Keywords: Sodium borohydride, reduction, carbonyl compounds, ammonium oxalate, chemoselective, regioselectivit

One-pot green synthesis of isoxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives by Dowex1-x8OH in water

4-arylmethylidene-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones and 4-arylmethyl-idene-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones have been synthesized in the one-pot three-component synthesis in the presence of Dowex1-x8OH as catalyst in water. The products have been obtained in high yields (90-95%) and proper reaction times (1-5 hours). This method has eco-friendly profile and operational simplicity