A Training Intervention through a 360° Multisource Feedback Model

Physicians and other health sciences professionals need continuous training, not only in technical aspects of their activity but also in nontechnical, transversal competencies with a cost-efficient impact on the proper functioning of healthcare. The objective of this paper is to analyze the behavioral change among health professionals at a large public hospital following a training intervention on a set of core nontechnical competencies: Teamwork, Adaptability-Flexibility, Commitment-Engagement, Results Orientation, and Leadership Skills for Supervisors. The 360° Multisource Feedback (MSF) model was applied using three sources of information: supervisors, co-workers, and the workers themselves (self-assessment). A quasi-experimental pretest–post-test single-group design with two points in time was utilized. The training intervention improved the scores of only one of the trained competencies—the “Results Orientation” competency—although the scores were slightly inflated. Moreover, significant discrepancies were detected between the three sources, with supervisors awarding the highest scores. The magnitude of behavioral change was related to certain sociodemographic and organizational variables. The study was not immune to the ceiling effect, despite control measures aimed at avoiding it. The empirical evidence suggests that the 360° MSF model must be maintained over time to enhance and reinforce an evaluation culture for better patient care.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico 1190945Junta de Andalucía US-126309

CONSRAT. Construction sites risk assessment tool

[eng] One peculiarity of the construction sector is that each construction site represents a unique workplace. The specific characteristics of the site affect risk generation and its evolution. However, available risk assessment tools do not capture the specificities of construction sites that may affect risk, because they only focus on assessing identified risks from a predefined hierarchy of events. This paper proposes a new 'site risk' concept that is defined as the risk associated to the whole construction site that is generated by having together different elements which individually affect risk. Potential risk synergies may exist and they only can be captured adopting the construction site as unit of analysis. In doing so, a new CONstruction Site Risk Assessment Tool (CONSRAT) is presented. This is done considering also both organizational structure and resources jointly with material conditions. The tool was used to assess 150 construction sites in order to obtain convergent and internal validity evidences. Another validated tool was used as external criterion: the Qualitative Occupational Safety Risk Assessment Model (QRAM). Results provide adequate validity evidences for both the internal structure and the expected relationships with the external criterion. CONSRAT design and complete instructions for its use are described. As a unique contribution, CONSRAT adopts a new site risk approach to assess the main live conditions, complexity factors and organizational structure characteristics which are related to construction site risk

Psicothema

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónAntecedentes: el Promedio del Error Porcentual Absoluto (MAPE) es probablemente la medida de adecuación de la previsión más ampliamente utilizada. Sin embargo, no cumple el criterio de validez debido a que la distribución de los errores porcentuales absolutos habitualmente presenta una forma asimétrica a la derecha con presencia de valores alejados. En estos casos, el MAPE proporciona una sobreestimación del correspondiente parámetro poblacional. En el presente trabajo se propone un índice alternativo, denominado MAPE Resistente o R-MAPE, y basado en el cálculo del M-estimador de Huber, el cual permite superar la mencionada limitación. Método: se utilizan los resultados derivados de la aplicación de modelos de Red Neuronal Artificial (ANN) y modelos Autorregresivos Integrados de Media Móvil (ARIMA) en la previsión de una serie temporal. Resultados: se puede observar que la media aritmética, el MAPE, realiza una sobreestimación del correspondiente parámetro poblacional, a diferencia del R-MAPE, sobre un conjunto de distribuciones de errores con asimetría a la derecha y presencia de valores alejados. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto que el R-MAPE representa una adecuada alternativa en la medición del ajuste en la previsión, debido a que proporciona una evaluación válida de dicho ajuste en comparación al MAPE.Universidad de Oviedo. Biblioteca de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s/n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; [email protected]

Can attitudes toward statistics and statistics anxiety explain students' performance?

[eng]The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between math background, trait anxiety, test anxiety, statistics anxiety, attitudes toward statistics and statistics performance in a sample of 472 university students enrolled in statistics courses of Health Sciences majors. A Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach showed the attitudes as the stronger direct predictor of performance, and played a full mediating role on the relationship between statistics anxiety and performance. Contrary to hypothesized, the direct contribution of math background, trait anxiety, and test anxiety to performance was non-significant. A final model posited that performance was positively and directly affected by attitudes, and in turn attitudes were positively influenced by math background and negatively affected by anxiety. Math background also appeared as negative predictor of anxiety. Finally, test anxiety was a positively direct predictor of statistics anxiety. [spa]El estudio investiga las relaciones entre bagaje matemático, ansiedad rasgo, ansiedad ante los exámenes, ansiedad ante la estadística, actitudes hacia la estadística, y rendimiento, en una muestra de 472 estudiantes de asignaturas estadísticas de Ciencias de la Salud mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Las actitudes son el principal predictor del rendimiento y mediadoras entre ansiedad y rendimiento. Las relaciones entre bagaje matemático, ansiedad rasgo, y ansiedad ante los exámenes, sobre el rendimiento no fueron significativas, contra hipótesis. El modelo final postula que el rendimiento está afectado directa y positivamente por las actitudes, y éstas son influidas positivamente por el bagaje matemático, y negativamente por la ansiedad. El bagaje matemático es predictor negativo de la ansiedad y la ansiedad ante los exámenes es un predictor directo positivo de la ansiedad ante la estadística

Entorno de práctica de los profesionales de enfermería y competencia para la incorporación de la evidencia a las decisiones: situación en las Islas Baleares.

[spa] Objetivos: Establecer el diagnóstico de los factores que los profesionales de enfermería perciben como facilitadores para una práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE) en el Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, identificando posibles diferencias en función de las características de los profesionales y de los entornos en que ejercen. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal multicéntrico, tomando como población de estudio los 3129 profesionales de enfermería en plantilla del Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares en 2009, a quienes se encuestó con los instrumentos Evidence Based Practice Questionnarie (EBPQ) y Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). La estrategia de análisis comprendió análisis exploratorio, análisis bivariado con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas en función de la naturaleza de las distribuciones (correlación, ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, ji cuadrado) y multivariado, entre las principales variables del estudio y los factores de los cuestionarios PES-NWI y EBPQ. Los análisis se realizaron con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se recibieron 1753 encuestas (participación del 56,02%). Los resultados de los dos cuestionarios muestran diferencias significativas al analizar el entorno hospitalario y de atención primaria (p < 0,001). Estas diferencias se mantienen al comparar la categoría y la experiencia profesional. Conclusiones: El estudio compara entornos de práctica de enfermería de distintas características. De los factores que componen los cuestionarios, el que mayor influencia tiene sobre la PCBE es el apoyo de los gestores de enfermería. También establece que los dos instrumentos validados son herramientas plausibles para el diagnóstico de una PCBE que permiten establecer elementos de mejora, tanto individual como de organización

Health sciences-evidence based practice questionnaire (Hs-ebp): Normative data and differential profiles in spanish osteopathic professionals

The main goal of this study was to obtain normative data of the scores of the Health-Sciences Evidence Based Practice (HS-EBP) questionnaire, and to analyse evidence-based practice (EBP) among potential clusters of osteopathy professionals in Spain. An online descriptive cross-sectional study has been applied. A total number of 443 Spanish practicing osteopaths answered a survey including the 5 dimensions of the HS-EBP questionnaire and sociodemographic, training, and practice variables using the “LimeSurvey” online platform. Results point out that the median scores for each five HS-EBP questionnaire dimensions were 95.00, 86.00, 78.00, 84.00 and 62.00 considering that the range of possible scores in each of the dimensions was: from 12 to 120 in dimensions 1, 4 and 5; from 14–140 in dimension 2; and from 10–100 in dimension 3. A clustering algorithm extracted 6 different profiles across the five HS-EBP latent dimensions: low scores in all dimensions (cluster 1); low scores in all dimensions but with medium scores in dimension 1 (cluster 2); mixed pattern of scores, low in dimensions 2 and 5 and medium in the rest of the dimensions; medium scores in all dimensions (cluster 4); high scores in all dimensions and low scores in dimension 5 (cluster 5); and high scores in all dimensions (cluster 6). Significant relationship was found among the response patterns in the clusters and: academic degree level, EBP training and training level, and work time invested in healthcare activity, research and teaching activity. These results allow a description of the actual level of EBP and differential profiles of Osteopathy care practice in Spain. Knowledge of normative scores of the HS-EBP questionnaire and identification of different predictors of Spanish osteopaths’ EBP, e.g., academic degree, EBP training and training level, work time invested in healthcare activity, research, and teaching activity, and having a working relationship with an accredited educational centre, enable a comprehensive evaluation of the EBP of osteopathic professionals and can also be useful for developing and implementing formative intervention programs for improving EBP practice in osteopathic practice

Validación y adaptación al español de la escala del entorno de práctica enfermera del Nursing Work Index.

[spa] Objetivo: determinar la validez y fiabilidad de una versión adaptada culturalmente al entorno español de la escala de entorno de práctica enfermera del Nursing Work Index para su uso en Atención Primaria y hospitalaria. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, multicéntrico, transversal, de adaptación transcultural y validación. Se llevó a cabo un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción siguiendo la metodología por la Comisión Internacional de Tests. Fueron seleccionadas 291 enfermeras del Servei de Salut de les Illes Balears pertenecientes a 5 hospitales, 1 centro socio sanitario y 18 centros de Atención Primaria. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un análisis descriptivo, pruebas de normalidad, análisis de fiabilidad mediante coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados: la fiabilidad global mostró un alfa de Cronbach de 0,906. El análisis factorial exploratorio replicaba correctamente la estructura pentafactorial (participación de la enfermera en asuntos del centro; fundamento enfermero de la calidad de los cuidados; capacidad, liderazgo y apoyo a las enfermeras por parte de los gestores enfermeros; dimensión de la plantilla y adecuación de los recursos humanos; y relaciones entre médicos y enfermeras) original salvo para un factor. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un buen ajuste tras la eliminación de un ítem. Conclusiones: la disponibilidad de instrumentos válidos y fiables que permitan evaluar factores del entorno de práctica enfermera en las organizaciones, resulta de una utilidad enorme en la gestión de cuidados. Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto que la versión adaptada del PES-NWI con 30 ítems es un instrumento válido para su uso en el contexto español

Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI): clinimetric validation

[eng] Objective: To describe the development and clinimetric validation of the Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI) through several evidence sources about reliability and validity in the Spanish context. Design and setting: APNCAI development was based on a multisequential and systematic process: literature review, instrument content consensus through qualitative Delphi method approach (a panel of 51 Advanced Practice in Nursing -APN- experts was selected) and the clinimetric validation process based on a sample of 600 nurses from the Balearic Islands public healthcare setting. Methods: An initial step for tool's content development process based on Delphi method approach of expert consensus was implemented. A subsequent phase of tool validation started from the analysis of APN core competencies latent measurement model, including exploratory and confirmatory techniques. Reliability evidence for each latent factor was also obtained. Items' scores were submitted to descriptive analysis, plus univariate and multivariate normality tests. Results: An eight-factor competency assessment latent model obtained adequate fit, and it was composed by 'Research and Evidence-Based Practice', 'Clinical and Professional Leadership', 'Interprofessional Relationship and Mentoring', 'Professional Autonomy', 'Quality Management', 'Care Management', 'Professional Teaching and Education' and 'Health Promotion'. Conclusions: Adequate empirical evidence of reliability and validity for APNCAI makes it useful for application in healthcare policy programmes for APN competency assessment in Spain