The study of factors affecting concentration in classroom among high school students in Divandarreh City, Iran, in 2018

BACKGROUND: Concentration is one of the most important requirements of education and learning; so that decentralization and distraction in the classroom is one of the most common educational problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the concentration in the classroom among high school students in Divandarreh City, Iran, in 2018.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among all high school students in Divandarreh City. The sample size was 370 and the cluster sampling method was used. The research instrument was a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and concentration in classroom. Exclusion criteria included the lack of consent or incorrect completion of the questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics [frequency, mean, and standard deviation (SD)] and chi-square test.RESULTS: In this study, 54% (198 boys) were male and 46% (172 girls) were female. The average score of the factors related to the teacher was 28.98 ± 5.79, for the factors related to the student was 29.07 ± 5.76, and for the environmental factors was 8.20 ± 2.48. The most effective factor in concentration in class was the teacher ethics and his/her appropriate behavior with the students (3.18 ± 1.00) and the least effective factor was relying on booklet (1.94 ± 1.10). There was a significant relationship between gender and the teacher-related factors (P < 0.001), student-related factors (P = 0.004), and environmental factors (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, by improving the behavior of teachers and professors and empowering them to bring their students together, they can play a major role in increasing the students' learning and concentration

The prevalence of allergic reaction in acute complications of injection of packed red blood cell in patients hospitalized in Sina Hospital, Kamyaran City, Iran, during the years 2014-2018

BACKGROUND: Acute complications are among the most common complications in blood transfusion reactions and one of the leading causes of death. The reduction in acute complications as well as blood safety and health of patients should be considered. The aim of this short report study is to determine the prevalence of allergic reactions in acute complications of packed red blood cell (RBC) injections in patients hospitalized in Sina Hospital, Kamyaran City, Iran, from 2014 to 2018.METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with the statistical population including all patients who required blood transfusion in Sina hospital in Kamyaran City since 2014 to 2018. The standard checklist called "A form of reporting unwanted complications after blood transfusions and its related products" was used in this study. Data were entered into the SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics were analyzed as mean and standard deviation (SD) and analytical results were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence of transfusion complications during this period was 0.016. 5 (29%) and 12 (71%) of the patients were men and women, respectively. The most common sign of blood transfusion included restlessness and tachycardia. The most common acute complication of blood transfusions was allergic reaction (47%). Based on the Fisher's exact test, a statistically significant relationship was found between the blood group, sex, and history of injection with the diagnosis of transfusion (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Registering the complications of blood transfusion is always a concern and important for the blood transfusion organization. In this study, it was found that the most common acute complication of blood transfusions was allergic reactions (8 out of 17)

The frequency of substance abuse tendency and its related factors among high school students in Divandarreh City, Iran, in year 2018

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the most risky part of life for beginning of substance abuse. Substance use in adolescence can affect the rest of the person's life in addition to his youth. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of substance abuse and its related factors among high school students in the city of Divandarreh, Kurdistan Province, Iran, in 2018.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all high school students (16-18 years old) in Divandarreh City in 2018. The sample size was 386. The instruments of this study were demographic information and Zargar et al. addiction questionnaires. Data were entered into SPSS software and chi-square test was used to evaluate the analytical data.RESULTS: According to the results, 279 (75%) of students had low addiction tendency, 66 (17%) had moderate addiction tendency, and 25 (6%) tended to severe addiction. 117 students (31%) had at least one experience of using alcohol, smoking, drugs, and other substances and 53 (15%) claimed daily consumption of substances and drugs. There was a significant relationship between sex (P = 0.001), father's education (P = 0.028), mother's education (P = 0.011), father's job (P = 0.001), educational grade (P = 0.002), economic status (P < 0.001), and average of study (P = 0.019) with substance abuse tendency.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, providing a quiet and full of confidence environment for adolescents should be one of the fundamental priorities of each family. In addition to this result, parents' educational growth leads to less willingness of children to addiction

Effective Medicinal Plant in Cancer Treatment, Part 2.

Cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. With due attention to rapid progress in the phytochemical study of plants, they are becoming popular because of their anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective medicinal plants in the treatment of cancer and study their mechanism of action. In order to gather information the keywords "traditional medicine," "plant compounds," "medicinal plant," "medicinal herb," "toxicity," "anticancer effect," "cell line," and "treatment" were searched in international databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus and national databases such as Magiran, Sid, and Iranmedex, and a total of 228 articles were collected. In this phase, 49 nonrelevant articles were excluded. Enhancement P53 protein expression, reducing the expression of proteins P27, P21, NFκB expression and induction of apoptosis, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and reduction of the level of acid phosphatase and lipid peroxidation are the most effective mechanisms of herbal plants that can inhibit cell cycle and proliferation. Common treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can cause some complications. According to results of this study, herbal extracts have antioxidant compounds that can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation by the investigated mechanisms

Rare Presentation of Self-Limiting Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease in Relapsing Nature

Background. Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign, and self-limiting disease that is commonly associated with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, and definitive diagnosis is based on the histological appearance in the excision biopsy of the lymph nodes. Recurrence of KFD is reported rarely. Case Presentation. A 56-year-old Iranian woman with a background history of thrombocytopenia presented with fever, malaise, loss of appetite, and weight loss with cervical lymphadenopathy. The excision biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of KFD, and she made a full recovery with improvement of symptoms, regression of cervical lymph nodes, and normalization inflammatory markers. One year after remission, she presented with similar clinico-biochemical profile, and repeat biopsy confirmed KFD. Conclusion. Although the rate of recurrence of the disease is very low, the treating physician should consider the possibility and confirm it histologically

Subclinical Deep Vein Thrombosis; Role of Color Doppler Ultrasonography before Bariatric Surgery

Background and Aim: Obesity increases risk of venous thromboembolism due to increase in coagulation factors. Screening for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before bariatric surgery can minimize the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in these patients. This study aimed to determine the importance of color Doppler ultrasound before bariatric surgery to detect subclinical deep vein thrombosis in the patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cohort study. The study population included candidates for bariatric surgery admitted to Modares and Loghman hospitals in Tehran (a bariatric surgery center in Iran) between March-20 and September-20, 2021. Patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery. Census sampling was used. Data were finally entered into SPSS-23 statistical software and analyzed by descriptive tests. Results: Among 125 patients in this study, 85 (64%) were woman. The patient’s mean and standard deviation of age and Body Mass Index were 33.68 ± 6.8 and 43.15 ± 4.9, respectively. Before surgery, all patients were evaluated for subclinical DVT and the results of the study showed that none of the patients had any evidence in favor of DVT. After the surgery, the patients underwent regular follow-ups for a month, but no positive cases of deep vein thrombosis were reported. Conclusion: In our study thromboembolic problems were rare in patients before obesity surgery. Therefore, routine ultrasound examination before surgery does not seem reasonable

Factors Affecting Student Concentration in Classroom Among the Students in Kurdistan University of Medical Science

Introduction: Focus is one of the most important educational and learning requirements so that distraction in the class is a common educational problem. The study endeavored to determine the factors affecting student concentration in the classroom among the students in Kurdistan University of Medical Science in the academic year 2021. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 413 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences who were selected through convenience sampling method. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire about factors influencing concentration in the classroom. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The mean score of the factors related to the teacher, students, and environment were 3.35 ± 0.42, 2.99 ± 0.48, and 3.31 ± 0.55 respectively. The most influential factor for concentration in the classroom was the teacher's appropriate behavior with students (3.68 ± 0.60) and the least influential factor for concentration in the classroom was relying on the notetaking group (2.48 ± 1.06). Conclusion: Findings revealed that teacher's behavior has an important role in creating student concentration in the classroom. Therefore, teachers can make the most important contribution in promoting education by improving their behavior

Parapharyngeal lymph node as an isolated manifestation of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: First report in Iran

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare type of sarcoma that originates from the stromal component of the germinal center of the B-follicle. Its presentation and prognosis vary, as it can be nodal or extranodal, localized or multifocal, and can be fatal in 20% of cases. Due to its rarity, FDCS diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Most cases have been reported in Europe or the United States, and no cases have been previously reported in individuals of Iranian descent. This case report describes a 33-year-old Iranian man with no significant medical history who presented with a palpable nodule in the neck and odynophagia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the parapharyngeal space. Pathological examination confirmed FDCS, likely localized to a parapharyngeal lymph node with no extranodal involvement. The patient underwent radiation therapy and remained disease-free 28 months after diagnosis

pericardial and pleural effusion as an isolated finding of COVID-19

Introduction: From December 2019, the coronavirus began to spread worldwide and became a global problem. Every day, new information and clinical manifestations of the virus are updated in the world. Case Presentation: We present a 34-year-old Iranian man who came to the emergency department with suddenly Pleuritic chest pain spreading to the shoulders and arms (which is exacerbated by coughing and lying down, reduced by sitting still) and at Rest Dyspnea. The Covid-19 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Test was positive without any lung involvement. Due to the rule out of other related causes, the pericardial effusion in the patient most probably was related to Covid-19 infection. Conclusion: Isolated pericardial or pleural effusion can be the only manifestation of Covid-19 without pulmonary involvement. So it should be considered as a rare etiology for pericardial effusion at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic; Especially if other possible causes are ruled out

Antibiotic resistance pattern and assessment of Temorina gene in clinical strains of extendedspectrum beta-lactamase enzyme producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients, Babol City, Mazandaran Province

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are a common cause of various clinical infections. Resistance of this bacteria to several common antibiotics due to production of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) enzyme has caused therapeutic problems. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance pattern to beta-lactam antibiotics and also to assess the Temorina (TEM) gen in the E. coli strains isolated from the patients in Babol, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 at Babol County, Iran. The E. coli strains were isolated and identified by standard laboratory tests. The sensitivity test to beta-lactam antibiotics was performed by combined disk method. The TEM gene was identified in the resistant strains by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 and by using T-test and Chi-squared tests. Results: Of the 10,341 clinical samples, 525 E. coli isolated of which 200 (38%) were ESBL-producing strains. Piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, ampicillin-sulbactam and ampicillin (98%, 90.33%, 86.4% and 76.60%, respectively) had the most inhibition effect on the strains. Highest antibiotic resistance was observed for ceftriaxone (43.80%) and ciprofloxacin (38.74%). PCR showed that 80% (n=160) of the resistant strains had the TEM gene. There was a significant correlation between TEM gene and the production of ESBL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Resistance to antibiotics was observed in this study. Resistant and ESBL-producing strains of E. coli had TEM gene. The clinicians should be aware of antibiotic resistant pattern to choose effective medicines for treatment of these infections. Keywords: Escherichia coli Antibiotic resistance pattern Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Temorin