Triticum Ve Aegilops Türlerinin Filogenetik Yapısının Pcr Ve Ftır Spektroskopisi Yöntemleriyle Belirlenmesi

Triticum ve Aegilops cinsleri Graminaea familyası içinde yer almakta olup bir çok özellik bakımından birbirlerine benzemektedirler. Özellikle morfolojik bakımdan birbirine benzerlik göstermesinden dolayı moleküler teknikler kullanılarak filogenetik olarak ayrılması buğday ıslahına yönelik bilimsel çalışmalara büyük destek sağlayacaktır Filogenetik çalışmalar için matK bölgesi PCR yardımıyla çoğaltılıcaktır. Ek olarak yukarıda anlatılan ayrımı desteklemesi açısından Azaltılmış Toplam Yansıma - Fourier Transform Kızılötesi (ATR-FTIR) spektroskopisi de kullanılacaktır. Proje sonunda elde edilen veriler bilimsel toplantılarda bildiri olarak sunulacak ve bilimsel dergilerde makale olarak yayınlanacaktır

Improved in vitro micropropagation method with adventitious corms and roots for endangered saffron

The objective of this study was to investigate development of an efficient in vitro tissue culture system for saffron (Crocus sativus L.) complete with roots and corms. In indirect organogenesis, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 100 mg L(-1) ascorbic acid, and the combination of 0.25 mg L(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg L(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were best for callus initiation and growth while 1.5 mg L(-1) BAP was excellent for high rate of adventitious shoot formation. 1 mg L(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was more preferable for adventitious corm and root initiation as well as growth. Overall, 64% rooting and 33% corm production rates were achieved in indirect organogenesis. In direct organogenesis, MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose, 100 mg L(-1) ascorbic acid and 1 mg L(-1) BAP was optimum for shoot growth. While 1 mg L(-1) IBA was best for adventitious corm formation, 2 mg L(-1) IBA promoted adventitious root initiation and growth. Overall, 36% and 57% of explants had corm and contractile root, respectively. The high rates suggest that efficient tissue culture system could be achieved for mass propagation and ex situ conservation of threatened saffron genetic resources

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF TRITICUM AND AEGILOPS GENERA BASED ON ITS AND MATK SEQUENCE DATA

Understanding the phylogenetic relationship between Triticum and Aegilops species, which form a vast gene pool of wheat, is very important for breeding new cultivated wheat varieties. In the present study, phylogenetic relationships between Triticum (12 samples from 4 species) and Aegilops (24 samples from 8 species) were investigated using sequences of the nuclear ITS rDNA gene and partial sequences of the matK gene of chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic relationships among species were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood method. The constructed tree based on the sequences of the nuclear component (ITS) displayed a close relationship between polyploid wheats and Aegilops speltoides species which provided new evidence for the source of the enigmatic B genome donor as Ae. speltoides. Concurrent clustering of Ae. cylindrica and Ae. tauschii and their close positioning to polyploid wheats pointed the source of the D genome as one of these species. As reported before, diploid Triticum species (i.e. T. urartu) were identified as the A genome donors and the positioning of these diploid wheats on the constructed tree are meaningful. The constructed tree based on the chloroplastic matK sequences displayed same relationship between polyploid wheats and Ae. speltoides species providing evidence for the later species being the chloroplast donors for polyploid wheats. Therefore, our results supported the idea of coinheritance of nuclear and chloroplast genomes where Ae. speltoides was the maternal donor. For both trees the remaining Aegilops species produced a distinct cluster whereas with the exception of T. urartu, diploid Triticum species displayed a monophyletic structure

Phylogeny of cultivated and wild wheat species using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Within the last decade, an increasing amount of genetic data has been used to clarify the problems inherent in wheat taxonomy. The techniques for obtaining and analyzing these data are not only cumbersome, but also expensive and technically demanding. In the present study, we introduce infrared spectroscopy as a method for a sensitive, rapid and low cost phylogenetic analysis tool for wheat seed samples. For this purpose, 12 Triticum and Aegilops species were studied by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis clearly revealed that the lignin band (1525-1505 cm(-1)) discriminated the species at the genus level. However, the species were clustered according to their genome commonalities when the whole spectra were used (4000-650 cm(-1)). The successful differentiation of Triticum and its closely related genus Aegilops clearly demonstrated the power of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a suitable tool for phylogenetic research

The phylogenetic relationship between populations of marginally and sympatrically located Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus brutia Ten. in Turkey, based on the ITS-2 region

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is a widespread and important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western, and northwestern Turkey, while the natural occurrence of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is restricted to 2 locations and is found sympatrically with Turkish red pine. In the present study sympatric populations of both species from Mugla and Adana provinces in Turkey were sampled, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA was comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated 100% of total molecular variation between the species in Mugla province, versus only 50.65% in Adana province. Construction of a phylogenetic tree with a bootstrap value of 92% revealed that Aleppo pine and Turkish red pine samples at the species level were well separated. Estimated F, values indicated that Turkish red pine and Aleppo pine were highly differentiated in Mugla province due to possible reproductive isolation, while the 2 species shared a more common genetic background due to possible natural hybridization in Adana province

Population variation in drought resistance and its relationship with adaptive and physiological seedling traits in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.)

Variation in drought resistance and its relationship with adaptive and physiological traits in forest trees are important in choosing suitable seed sources for reforestation and afforestation programs. A common garden experiment using 240 half-sib families originating from coastal and inland populations of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) in Turkey was set up with three replicates. The aims were to determine variation of drought damage, height growth, and phenology among populations and to investigate the relationship between drought damage and physiological traits (i.e. plant moisture stress and proline content). Three-year-old seedlings were subjected to drought treatment during the summer of 2000 and adaptive and physiological traits were measured. Except for bud burst, the majority of the variation resided between populations, leading to low heritability estimates for all traits. On average, inland populations were more resistant to drought and taller, with earlier bud burst and bud set times, than coastal populations. Proline content increased with higher drought damage, especially in cold-resistant and inland families. Inland populations are more drought-resistant than coastal populations. The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of selection for drought resistance for Turkish red pine at the population level

Induction of embryogenic tissue from immature zygotic embryos in Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loudon) Businsky

Embryogenic cultures (EC) of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. nigra var. caramanica (Loudon) Businsky) were initiated from immature pre-cotyledonary zygotic embryos sampled weekly from 16 different trees in 2 consecutive years. Douglas-fir cotyledon revised (DCR) medium supplemented with 13.6 μM of 2,4-D and 2.2 μM of BAP was used for initiation and maintenance of EC. Overall initiation frequencies of EC in the study were 0.92% in 2004 and 1.96% in 2005: tree values ranged from 0.0% to 7.32%. Overall, 0.38% and 0.62% of the initial explants were converted into established cell lines in 2004 and 2005, respectively. © TÜBİTAK