Estimation of Unconfined Uniaxial Compressive Strength Using Schmidt Hardness and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the rocks plays a significant role in geotechnical and rock engineering projects. Due to difficulties UCS estimation is done using indirect methods such as Schmidt Rebound Hammer (RN) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests that are quick and inexpensive tests. This study was performed to provide data consisting of correlations between RN versus UPV and UCS for rock materials. RN and UCS and UPV tests were carried out on 66 rock specimens from 6 different rock samples in the laboratory. Linear models were used for the relations between RN and UCS and UPV because R2 values of linear model is more suitable than non-linear models. The equations proposed in this study can be used easily for the areas formed of sandstone, limestone, arkoses, and granite to pre-estimate the UCS values of the rocks

Diaqua­bis(2-bromo­benzoato-κO)bis­(nicotinamide-κN 1)nickel(II)

The title NiII complex, [Ni(C7H4BrO2)2(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2], is centrosymmetric. It contains two 2-bromo­benzoate (BB) ligands, two nicotinamide (NA) ligands and two water mol­ecules, all of them being monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Ni atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two N atoms of the NA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl­ate group and the adjacent benzene ring is 30.81 (17)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 84.66 (6)°. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a supra­molecular structure. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action is also found

Diaqua­bis(2-chloro­benzoato-κO)bis­(nicotinamide-κN 1)nickel(II)

The title NiII complex, [Ni(C7H4ClO2)2(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2], is centrosymmetric with the Ni atom located on an inversion centre. The mol­ecule contains two 2-chloro­benzoate (CB) and two nicotinamide (NA) ligands and two water mol­ecules, all ligands being monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Ni atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two N atoms of the NA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the adjacent benzene ring is 29.48 (16)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 83.16 (5)°. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains. π–π Contacts between the benzene and pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.952 (1) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure. There is also a C—H⋯π inter­action

trans-Tetra­aqua­bis­(isonicotinamide-κN 1)nickel(II) bis­(3-hy­droxy­benzoate) tetra­hydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)4](C7H5O3)2·4H2O, contains one-half of the complex cation with the NiII ion located on an inversion center, a 3-hy­droxy­benzoate counter-anion and two uncoordinated water mol­ecules. Four water O atoms in the equatorial plane around the NiII ion [Ni—O = 2.052 (2) and 2.079 (2) Å] form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, which is completed up to a distorted octa­hedron by the two N atoms [Ni—N = 2.075 (3) Å] from two isonicotinamide ligands. In the anion, the carboxyl­ate group is twisted from the attached benzene ring by 8.8 (3)°. In the crystal, a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network, formed by classical O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, consolidates the crystal packing, which also exhibits π–π inter­actions between the benzene and pyridine rings, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.455 (2) and 3.621 (2) Å, respectively

Tetra­aqua­bis(isonicotinamide-κN 1)cobalt(II) bis­(4-formyl­benzoate) dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure of the title complex, [Co(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)4](C8H5O3)2·2H2O, contains one-half of the complex cation with the CoII ion located on an inversion center, a 4-formyl­benzoate (FB) counter-anion and an uncoordinated water mol­ecule. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the CoII ion form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement with an average Co—O bond length of 2.086 Å; the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two N atoms of the isonicotinamide (INA) ligands at a slightly longer distance [2.1603 (14) Å] in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl­ate group and the attached benzene ring is 5.93 (13)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 3.09 (6)°. In the crystal structure, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. π–π Contacts between the benzene and pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.758 (1) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure

Diaqua­bis(N,N-diethyl­nicotinamide-κN 1)bis­(4-formyl­benzoato-κO)nickel(II)

In the title centrosymmetric mononuclear NiII compound, [Ni(C8H5O3)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the central NiII atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two 4-formyl­benzoate (FOB) ligands, two O atoms from two water mol­ecules and two N atoms from two diethyl­nicotinamide (DENA) ligands. The coordination geometry is slightly distorted octa­hedral, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane and two N atoms in axial positions. Intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the a axis by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The structure is further stabilized by π–π inter­actions between the pyridine rings of DENA units, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.668 (2) Å

DEHB ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklarda serum ürotensin-II düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Urotensin-II (U-II) is one of the most vasoconstrictive substrates for the mammals. Lately, this substrate is thought to be responsible for developing of the neuropsychiatric disorders, by causing an abnormal brain bloodstream situation. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently seen disorders in childhood and their etiologies are remain unclear. This study evaluated the serum urotensin-II levels of children with ASD and ADHD and compared with healthy subjects' urotensin-II levels. Methods: Total of 179 children between age of 4-12, 60 of them diagnosed with ADHD and 60 of children with ASD, according to the DSM-5 criteria and both had no treatment for at least a month and 59 of healthy subjects whom they all admitted to the Ankara Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital were included. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, a semi-structured interview, was applied to all subjects. Venous samples of the participants were given after a-12 hours starvation. Serum U-II levels were analyzed by the use of ELISA kits. SPSS 16.0 was used for analysis and p<0.05 was accepted as significance level. Results: U-II levels of children with ASD were found higher than that of ADHD and healthy groups. There was also a positive correlation between U-II levels and autism behavior checklist scores. Discussion: Higher U-II levels and its levels' correlation with symptom severity of disorder are thought to be a responsible factor that could play a role in ASD etiology. Further studies with larger sample size could be useful to investigate the role of UII in the etiology and treatment research of AS

Problematic whatsApp use among adolescents: linking fear of missing out and psychiatric symptoms

Objective: WhatsApp (WA) is the most popular instant message application all over the world. Although communication has become easier and enjoyable with the help of this application, the overuse, and addiction of WA has become an important problem among adolescents. WhatsApp addiction is a part of problematic smartphone use (PSU). When we examined previous studies, we found that the samples were generally composed of young adults, but studies on adolescents who are at high risk for problematic Whatsapp use (PWU) were insufficient, and almost no studies were conducted in the clinical adolescent sample. In this study, we aimed to increase our knowledge about problematic PWU and possible risk factors including fear of missing out (FoMO), PSU, and psychiatric symptoms among adolescents who applied to outpatient psychiatry clinics.Methods: 197 adolescents (136 boys, 61 girls, age: 12-18 years) recruited the study. Problematic Mobile Phone Usage Scale (PMPUS), Bergen Whatsapp Addiction Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Scale were used.Results: We grouped the sample as PWU (Problematic WhatsApp use) and Normal Use group due to Bergen WA Addiction Scale. PWU group’s adolescents were significantly older than others (p=0.03), and had higher scores in all subscales of Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), FoMO and PMPUS (for all scale scores p<0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that FoMO is a predictor of PWU. Also, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, phobic anxiety, and somatization had a positive effect (ß=1.80, 0.98, 1.26, 0.52; respectively) while obsession compulsion and depression had a negative effect on PWU (ß=-0.76, – 1.22, respectively).Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that problematic Whatsapp use is an important internet-related behavioral problem and have specific risk factors among adolescents. Adolescents use Whatsapp generally with their real friends/relatives. Adolescents who have depression, obsession-compulsion mostly have social withdrawal, and would not be interested in communicating their real social environment. On the other hand, adolescents who have phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism and somatization symptoms would follow the changes and events more closely. The associations between different psychiatric symptoms and PWU could guide the practitioners in the psychiatric care of adolescents

Linezolid and dexamethasone experience in a serious case of listeria rhombencephalitis

SummaryListeria rhombencephalitis is a rare cause of brain stem encephalitis. We report a case with a history of immunosupressive therapy due to Takayasu's arteritis that was treated with corticosteroids and linezolid for Listeria rhombencephalitis.A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. The patient's body temperature was 38°C, and she had a stiff neck. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and penicillin G and gentamicin treatment was initiated. Linezolid and dexamethasone were added. Due to hematuria and thrombocytopenia, the linezolid was discontinued.In immunocompromised patients with CNS infections, Listeria rhombencephalitis should be suspected. Linezolid can be used in combination with dexamethasone

The relationship between problematic smartphone use and psychiatric symptoms among adolescents who applied to psychiatry clinics

Problematic mobile phone use is an important problem which has increasing prevalence among adolescents. We should address risk factors to create intervention frameworks related to this problem. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of problematic smartphone use among adolescents who were referred to clinics, its relationship to sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and emotion regulation problems. We included 150 adolescents aged 12–18 years who own smartphones. All participants filled out the Sociodemographic Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale (PMPUS). Problematic smart phone use was detected in 50.6% of the sample. Adolescents with problematic use were found to be older than the others, with lower levels of maternal education and self-achievement. Regression analysis revealed that the factors predicting the risk of problematic smartphone use are somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility symptoms. According to our results, we suggest psychiatrists consider the high prevalence of problematic smartphone use, address the relationship between hostility, somatic symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity (susceptibility) and the effects of this current problem on social-academic functioning while evaluating and treating adolescents