Perceived Value of a Motorcycle Training Program: The Influence of Crash History and Experience of the Training

<div><p> <b>Objective:</b> Evidence that rider training reduces motorcycle-related injuries or crashes is currently lacking. However, significant community demand for training persists, which in turn can influence policy. The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of this demand via two objectives: to (1) offer a method, namely, contingent valuation, to measure the value motorcyclists place on training and (2) examine determinants of such value.</p> <p> <b>Methods:</b> Value was elicited through a willingness to question, using a bidding format, novice motorcyclists who were randomly assigned to groups either offered the training or not.</p> <p> <b>Results:</b> The group that was offered and subsequently received training provided a lower mean perceived value of the training than the group that was not. Perceived value increased with rider age and decreased with training participation and near-crash experiences, controlling for bidding order, income, education, and experience of other training.</p> <p> <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrates the utility of contingent valuation in quantifying the perceived value of training, as well as the modifiability of perceived value, with age, training participation, and near-crash experiences as key determinants. This indicates that research to determine ways to align the perceived value with evidence on training effectiveness is worthwhile in order to facilitate more appropriate and justified allocation of road safety resources. Potential options to explore and evaluate may include community education on evidence of training effectiveness as well as alternative measures with demonstrated effectiveness in reducing crash risks.</p> </div

Kaplan-Meier survival curve for all study participants from randomization to end of extended follow-up, shown by treatment group.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve for all study participants from randomization to end of extended follow-up, shown by treatment group.</p

Study flow diagram.

<p>The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcome was treatment with maintenance dialysis.</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curve censoring deaths before day 90 of follow-up (end point of the RENAL Study follow-up), shown by treatment group.

<p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve censoring deaths before day 90 of follow-up (end point of the RENAL Study follow-up), shown by treatment group.</p

Adjusted Cox model survival curves from randomization, stratified by quartiles of age.

<p>Adjusted Cox model survival curves from randomization, stratified by quartiles of age.</p

Overall cumulative odds ratio plot of temperature effect.

<p>Overall cumulative odds ratio plot of temperature effect.</p

Temporal pattern of intracerebral hemorrhage onset and baseline systolic blood pressure level in patients.

<p>ICH indicates intracerebral hemorrhage; SBP, systolic blood pressure.</p