Автентифікація зображень на основі їх семантичної сегментації у нейронних мережах глибокого навчання з їх попереднім обробленням за методами фільтрації

In modern domestic and international pre-trial practice and legal proceedings, physical evidence used in the form of electronic documents or their digital images. The issue of authenticating such images is hampered by possibilities of using artificial intelligence based editors to fake images making it impossible or significantly complicate the search for changed areas by forensic experts. Research issue considered by the authors is the authenticity assessment of digital images based on the use of their pre-processing (filtering) methods and artificial intelligence technologies for further analysis and determination of edited areas. This research paper purpose is to develop information technology for finding editing zones based on a combination of imaging techniques and neural network models for use in image authenticity research. Research paper novelty is to develop a technology to combine several methods of preprocessing images (in particular, ELA and PCA) to create an input stream of a deep learning neural network and to assess effectiveness of identifying editing zones created by the digital painting editor (Inpainting). Efficiency of 10 editing zone detectors using combination of ELA and PCA methods with different models of neural networks for recognizing editing zones has been developed and investigated. The best results (probability of recognition 0.916) within the used computing resources were obtained by detector based on the EfficientNet model. IT Effectiveness and related software for assessing authenticity of images based on a combination of image pre-processing methods and models of artificial neural networks in semantic classification and segmentation mode has been developed and evaluated

Agronomic evaluation of irrigation water on the Southern Buh and Kamianska irrigation systems

The aim of the research was to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of a set of agronomic criteria for irrigation water in the process of transporting it from the Southern Buh River intake site to the lands of the Southern Buh and Kamianska irrigation systems situated in southern Ukraine. Six stationary research sites for monitoring the quality of irrigation water were established along the route of irrigation water transportation. Determination of agronomic criteria for irrigation water quality was carried out in two terms: at the beginning of the irrigation season, in May, and at the end, in September. The content of cations of sodium, magnesium, calcium, and anions of chlorine, sulphates, carbonates, and bicarbonates was determined. In the field, the pH and electrical conductivity of water, the total salt content, and the total amount of dissolved solids were determined. It is determined that waters have an average level of danger from the point of view of salinisation of soils. This fact leads to a decrease in yield of sensitive to salinity crops (corn, alfalfa and most vegetables). The high content of sodium cations along with the low content of calcium and magnesium cations indicates the danger of degradation of the physical properties of the southern chernozems and the need to use the meliorants containing calcium. There is a high probability of toxic effects on crops caused by sodium cations. At the same time, it is stated that there is no negative effect of chlorine anions on plants

Thiamine deficiency caused by thiamine antagonists triggers upregulation of apoptosis inducing factor gene expression and leads to caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in neuronally differentiated rat PC-12 cells

Recent evidence suggests that alterations in oxidative metabolism induced by thiamine deficiency lead to neuronal cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still under extensive investigation. Here, we report that rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells differentiated in the presence of NGF into neurons undergo apoptosis due to thiamine deficiency caused by antagonists of thiamine - amprolium, pyrithiamine and oxythiamine. Confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy revealed that annexin V binds to PC-12 cells in presence of thiamine antagonists after 72 h incubation. Results also show that thiamine antagonists trigger upregulation of gene expression of mitochondrial-derived apoptosis inducing factor, DNA fragmentation, cleavage of caspase 3 and translocation of active product to the nucleus. We therefore propose that apoptosis induced by amprolium, pyrithiamine or oxythiamine occurs via the mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, our data indicate that pyrithiamine and oxythiamine are more potent inducers of apoptosis than amprolium

High abundance of ArfGAP1 found in the mossy fibers in hilus of the dentate gyrus region of the mouse brain.

The Arf GTPase-activating protein ArfGAP1 and its brain-specific isoform ArfGAP1B play an important role in neurotransmission. Here we analyzed the distribution of ArfGAP1 in the mouse brain. We found high levels of ArfGAP1 in the mouse dentate gyrus where it displayed especially elevated level in the polymorph layer (hilus). Importantly, the ArfGAP1 signal follows the pathway of the granular cell axons so-called mossy fibers which extend from the dentate gyrus to CA3 via stratum lucidum and partially stratum oriens. Additionally, we identified differential expression of ArfGAP1 in the isocortex. Thus, staining with anti-ArfGAP1 antibodies allows distinction between cortical cell layers 1, 2, 3 and 5 from 4 and 6. Taken together, our data suggest that ArfGAP1 can be used as a specific marker of the dentate mossy fibers and as for visualization of cortical layers in immunohistochemical studies

ArfGAP1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus.

<p>A. Coronal plane. B. schematic view of the mossy fibers projections. C. Sagittal plane. SP-MF–suprapyramidal bundle and IIP-MF–intra- and infrapyramidal bundles of the mossy fibers projections. C. Sagittal plane. poDG–polymorph layer (hilus) of the DG, grDG–granular cell layer of the DG, sr–stratum radiatum, slu–stratum lucidum, so–sorstratum oriens. CA1, CA2 and CA3 –Cornu Ammonis of the hippocampus. The scale bars represent 200 μm.</p

ArfGAP1 protein localization in mouse dentate gyrus and cerebelum.

<p>A, B. coronal view of the DG, poDG–polymorph layer (hilus) of the DG, grDG–granular cell layer of the DG, sr–stratum radiatum, slu–stratum lucidum, so–sorstratum oriens. CA1, CA2 and CA3 –Cornu Ammonis of the hippocampus. C, D. Coronal view of the cerebellum, ANcr1 and ANcr2 –ansiform cruciform lobule 1 and 2, arb–arbor vitae; ArfGAP1 (green), DAPI stain (blue). B,D–control experiments with the omission of primary antibody and staining only with secondary antibody. Magnification 10X. The scale bars represent 210 μm.</p

Western blot detection of total ArfGAP1 and ArfGAP1^B in adult mouse brain regions.

<p>A. Data were normalized to GAPDH protein levels for each region. DG–dentate gyrus, Cer–cerebellum, OB–olfactory bulb, IsoCtx–isocortex, TH–thalamus. Data expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. B. Linear regression analysis of the pairs of data obtained using the two antibodies from each tissue in each of the 3 experiments.</p

ArfGAP1 is localized in the mossy fibers of the mouse DG.

<p>A, B. Double labeling of ArfGAP1(green) and ZnT3 (red). Yellow staining indicates colocalization of ArfGAP1 and ZnT3. C, D. Double labeling of ArfGAP1(green) and GFAP (red). F, E. Omission of the primary antibody and staining only with secondary antibody. Abbreviations: CA1, CA2 and CA3 –Cornu Ammonis of the hippocampus. Coronal DG (dentate gyrus) view of ventral (A, C, F) and dorsal (B, D, E) hippocampus. TH–thalamus. mf–mossy fibers. Magnification 10X.The scale bars represent 210 μm.</p

400 Investigation of a translational astrocyte-targeted AAV-mediated gene addition therapy in two models of Vanishing White Matter disease

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Vanishing White Matter Disease (VWM), is a childhood neurodegenerative leukodystrophy that presents with motor deficits, neurologic decline, and seizures leading to death.There are no treatments. Herein we investigate adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) gene addition therapy for VWM. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To serve as a baseline for disease correction, we characterized the severe VWM Eif2b5I98M murine model with clinically relevant readouts including motor function, gait mapping and myelin loss through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Molecular characterization through the identification of biomarkers was also investigated. To provide targeted disease correction, we designed four gene replacement constructs to drive the rapeutic EIF2B5 expression in astrocytes—a critical cell type for VWM pathology. We are currently evaluating our AAV vectors in two murine VWM models, Eif2b5R191H and Eif2b5I98M, and are monitoring disease progression using traditional and clinically relevant readouts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The I98M mice display significant mobility loss, ataxic gait, and demyelination. Molecular characterization also indicates that the integrated stress response is significantly dysregulated, supporting the classic VWM phenotype. Our previous biodistribution study confirmed our ability to efficiently target astrocytes using varying iterations—including one novel—of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. Our data suggests that targeting astrocytes with gene addition delays disease onset, partially rescues motor function, and attenuates myelin loss. Survival of the AAV9-gfaABC(1)D-EIF2B5 treated I98M mice is also significantly increased (p<0.0001), currently with a 2-fold extension in life expectancy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, we anticipate emergence of a lead astrocyte-targeted gene therapy candidate in which the data will be strengthened through the evaluation of clinically relevant measures in two murine models of disease, allowing fortimely translation to the clinic