Constant-Moderate and High-Intensity Interval Training Have Differential Benefits on Insulin Sensitive Tissues in High-Fat Fed Mice

In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, this study determined if two exercise prescriptions with equivalent time and distance covered, [constant-moderate endurance (END) and high intensity interval training (HIIT)], exert differential metabolic benefits on insulin sensitive tissues. Male 10 week old C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal fat) ad libitum for 10 weeks and for a further 10 weeks they underwent END or HIIT training (3 × 40 min sessions/wk). Untrained HFD and chow-fed mice acted as controls. At 30 weeks of age, mice were sacrificed and quadriceps muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and liver were excised. Neither END nor HIIT altered body weight or composition in HFD mice. In quadriceps, HFD decreased high-molecular weight adiponectin protein, which was normalized by END and HIIT. In contrast, HIIT but not END reversed the HFD-driven decrease in the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). In SAT, both programs tended to decrease collagen VI protein (p = 0.07–0.08) in HFD, whereas only HIIT induced an increase in the mRNA (3-fold vs. HFD untrained) and protein (2-fold vs. HFD untrained) of UCP1. In liver, only END reversed collagen I accumulation seen in HFD untrained mice. Our results suggest that HIIT may promote better systemic metabolic changes, compared to END, which may be the result of the normalization of muscle AdipoR1 and increased UCP1 seen in SAT. However, END was more effective in normalizing liver changes, suggesting differential metabolic effects of END and HIIT in different tissues during obesity

Physiological relevance of aerobic exercise training for the preparation of bariatric surgery candidates

Bariatric surgery is popular among clinicians to treat obesity because of its high impact on body weight reduction. However, the fast rate of weight loss has several consequences, such as loss of muscle mass and strength, and functional capacity. Therefore, preoperative interventions are needed to secure the surgery’s success, where physical exercise could be an effective intervention. Nevertheless, the most effective preoperative exercise prescription, along with its potential post-surgical carry-over effects, is still unclear. Recent studies have highlighted that exercise programs that differ, for instance, in intensity, induce differential metabolic benefits, that seem to be tissue-specific. This might be clinically relevant since it has been described that obesity-related metabolic impairments are not stereotypical in humans. This brief review analyses some tissue-specific disturbances derived from obesity, and how aerobic exercise programs, particularly high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity constant training could elicit differential benefits, particularly in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery.La cirugía bariátrica es popular para el tratamiento de la obesidad debido a su alto impacto sobre la reducción del peso corporal. Sin embargo, esta acelerada pérdida de peso tiene variadas consecuencias, tales como el descenso de masa y fuerza muscular, así como de la capacidad funcional. Por tanto, el manejo preoperatorio es necesario para asegurar el éxito quirúrgico, dentro de las cuales el ejercicio físico ocupa un lugar importante. No obstante, se desconoce la prescripción del ejercicio más efectiva en esta población, así como los potenciales efectos que puedan perdurar posterior a la cirugía. Estudios recientes destacan que programas de ejercicio que difieren, por ejemplo, en intensidad, inducen beneficios metabólicos diferenciales, los cuales parecer ser tejido-dependientes. Esto puede ser clínicamente relevante, considerando que las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a obesidad no son estereotípicas en humanos. Esta breve revisión analiza algunas alteraciones derivadas de obesidad, las cuales se presentan de forma específica en diferentes tejidos, y además como diferentes programas de ejercicio aeróbico, tales como el interválico de alta intensidad como el de intensidad moderada y constante podrían provocar beneficios diferenciales, particularmente en candidatos a cirugía bariátrica.Sociedad Argentina de Fisiologí