Impact of Migration on the Transformation of the Ethnic Composition of the Population of Russia: Trends and Approaches to the Policy of Adaptation of Migrants

В статье представлены результаты исследования оценки учета этнической структуры коренного населения и мигрантов, а также эффективности системы адаптации и интеграции иммигрантов в регионах России. Учет этнического фактора ведется в рамках текущей регистрации и во время Всероссийской переписи населении. Для планирования социально-экономического развития, формирования миграционной и национальной политики государства необходимо иметь возможность доступа к более точной информации. При соблюдении конституционных прав граждан РФ и международных правил учета национальности и этничности населения, авторы предлагают использовать опыт зарубежных стран по учету данных о месте рождения родителей, что расширяет информацию об этнических и культурных корнях респондента. Результаты опроса экспертов подтверждают статистические данные об увеличении этнокультурного разнообразия в регионах России. Изменения происходят из-за роста числа иммигрантов, сезонной миграции и реализации Государственной программы по оказанию содействия добровольному переселению в Российскую Федерацию соотечественников, проживающих за рубежом. Показано, что в большинстве регионов отсутствует единый ответственный оператор в системе органов власти, отвечающий за адаптацию и интеграцию мигрантов. В процессе адаптации и интеграции мигрантов большое значение приобретают владение русским языком, востребованной в регионе рабочей специальностью, знание законодательства России. Авторы делают вывод о необходимости решения вопроса формирования действующего механизма адаптации и интеграции мигрантов при одновременном усилении внимания к формированию статистической информации об этнокультурном разнообразии в регионах и в стране в целомThe article presents the results of a study on the assessment of accounting for the ethnic composition of the permanent population and migrants, as well as the effectiveness of the system of adaptation and integration of immigrants in the regions of Russia. Accounting for ethnicity is carried out within the framework of current accounting and the All-Russian Population Census. It is noted that access to more precise information is necessary for the formation of migration and national policies. It is proposed to use the experience of foreign countries in data recording on the parents’ place of birth. This expands the information about the ethnic and cultural roots of the respondents. The results of the survey confirm the statistical data on the growth of ethnocultural diversity in the regions of Russia. The changes take place due to the increase in the number of immigrants, seasonal migration, as well as the implementation of the State Program for the resettlement of compatriots. It is shown that in most regions there is no state body responsible for the adaptation and integration of migrants. On the part of migrants, it is important to know the Russian language, Russian legislation and the profession that is in demand in the region. It was proposed to form an operating mechanism for the adaptation of migrants and to consider a new approach to the collection of statistical dat

VIETNAMESE MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The paper examines emigration from Vietnam in the context of global climate change. Vietnam is among the five countries, most vulnerable to water level rise in the oceans associated with global warming. The areas of potential flooding include territories with most dense population and are extremity important for the economy of Vietnam. The country has a significant demographic potential exceeding 90 mln people. Vietnamese migration has a relatively long history. Large Vietnamese communities have grown in the countries of Eastern Europe; these communities are relatively well integrated into the host countries. Increase in global mean temperatures could lead to severe storms, tsunamis, and flooding and force significant portion of the population out of the Mekong Delta regions and Central provinces of Vietnam. The paper discusses the potential of Atlas Information Systems (AISs) for the assessment of social-economic and demographic consequences of climate change in Vietnam. The authors describe an AIS they are developing. This AIS consists of blocks that provide for a close link between socio-political, economic (production), natural resource, and environmental components for the integrated assessment of the provinces of Vietnam. Simulation of events shows that the flood zone could affect such populated provinces as An Giang, Kien Giang, Hau Giang, Dong Thap, Long An, Tien Giang, Vinh Long and Can Tho. To address this problem, the Vietnamese authorities, in 2008, approved the state target program to respond to climate change. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment was commissioned to create a scenario of climate change and sea level rise in Vietnam. However, the problem requires an immediate response at the international level, as the threat cannot be localized within the borders of Vietnam. Flooding may require mandatory relocation of the population in the country and, possibly, beyond its borders. If people are not relocated gradually, a reduction in the country’s territory with high population density, considering the specifics of the settlement pattern and reproduction trends, could result in a significant migration flow of forced migrants - environmental refugees. The territory of Vietnam may not be sufficient to absorb the entire flow of immigrants and, as a result, the flow would be directed out of the country. However, if the resettlement program starts now in the form of organized labor migration, it may be possible to anticipate and mitigate the negative scenario. Besides, organized labor emigration would be even beneficial for Vietnam in the socio-economic respect. The paper suggests measures to improve Russia’s migration policy aimed at attracting and using Vietnamese workers in a regulated way that would benefit Russia socially and economically

Development of the covalent antibody-DNA conjugates technology for detection of IgE and IgM antibodies by immuno-PCR.

Immuno-PCR (iPCR) is one of the methods used for the detection of a wide range of analytes and features the high sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. iPCR uses antibodies coupled to DNA, followed by the amplification of the attached DNA using RT-PCR. Two major types of antibody-DNA conjugates are currently used, which are obtained as a result of non-covalent (biotin-streptavidin) or covalent interactions. Using a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), we synthesized covalent DNA-antibody conjugates, optimized the reaction conditions, and developed an efficient protocol for the purification of conjugates, with which all unreacted antibodies and oligonucleotides are separated. Covalent DNA-antibody conjugates were tested with iPCR assays that were previously developed for the detection of IgE and IgM antibodies with the use of the supramolecular complex of 5'- and 3'-biotinylated DNA and streptavidin. The results show that the modification of antibodies with amino groups did not allow us to obtain monolabeled antibodies or antibodies with a strictly defined number of DNA-labels. The degree of labeling determined by the dyes introduced through the azido group reflects the actual labeling degree statistically. If the average labeling degree for azido groups is 1.1, the conjugates contain 25% mono-labeled antibodies, 50% double-labeled antibodies, and 25% unlabeled ones. The specificity of the monoclonal antibody to human IgE (BE5) changed after conjugation with the oligonucleotide. The sensitivity of iPCR in the detection of IgM antibodies produced against the LeC disaccharide using a covalent conjugate was similar to that of a supramolecular complex of 5'- and 3'-biotinylated DNA and streptavidin, but the new procedure is two steps shorter