Mothers experiences on how care giverS break bad newS about their perinatal mortality

Background & Aims : Breaking bad news to parents in perinatal periods is an especially difficult and important part of maternal education and counseling. This qualitative study aimed to explore maternal experience of delivering bad news by caregiver in perinatal periods. Materials & Methods : This qualitative study were conducted in 2012 in Shahrekord, in –depth interviews with 38 mothers who had experienced a perinatal loss(abortion, miscarriage ,in-utero death, still birth, or death of a newborn within the 28 day of life) within the last 2 years. The data was collected through the use of open interviews and analyzed by content analysis method . Results: The data analysis resulted in emerging 5 themes of maternal preferences for how to deliver bad news. Methods of communication, who disclose bad news, supporting, environmental and facilitating items were important factors for mothers during breaking bad news in prenatal periods. Conclusion: Results of this study showed some light on what is important to women who face bad news in perinatal periods. Although more researches are needed in this field. We hope that our results assist health care provider in establishing guidelines for the effective communication during breaking bad news

The attitudes of health care providers toward breaking bad news in neonatal intensive care units and labor wards

Abstract Breaking bad news emotionally affects both health professionals and patients. Breaking bad news is a sensitive issue for both health care providers and patients. It is generally believed that the patient’s adjustment can be affected by either a positive or a negative experience in this respect. This study aims to determine health care providers’ attitudes toward breaking bad news to parents in NICU and labor wards. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Shahrecord in 2011 with a study sample of 70 health care providers drawn from neonatal intensive care units and labor wards and the department of nursing and midwifery who had had at least one year’s clinical experience. The sampling method was census. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire in two sections: demographic information and health care providers’ attitudes toward breaking bad news. Data were analyzed by SPSS software with descriptive and Chi-square and T-student test statistics. Most participants (63.2%) had a positive attitude toward disclosing bad news to parents. 77.6% of caregivers faced difficulties in delivering bad news to parents, 92.6% of them believed that training workshops in this field are necessary. There was a significant statistical relationship between the attitudes of the health care providers and their education level and work place (P < 0.0001). Health professionals with higher education levels and nursing and midwifery staff had more positive attitudes. There was no significant statistical relationship between the attitudes of the health care providers and their history of difficulties in transferring bad news, workshop trainings, work experience, gender, age and marital status (P > 0.05). The majority of health professionals had a negative attitude toward immediate disclosure of bad news to parents, mothers holding and seeing their deceased babies, dedicating a special room to perinatal loss mothers with similar problems, and preventing other patients and their families from contacting them. Based on the findings of this study, teaching bad news communication skills to personnel of NICU and labor wards should receive prioritization in future continuing medical education programs in order to best prepare the staff for disclosure of bad news to parents

Effect of Companionship during Labor on Level of Anxiety of Primiparous Mothers and Midwives Points of View in Iranshahr, 2010

Abstract Background and purpose: Child birth is the most emotional experience of women that influences their health state throughout life. Being alone in labor suites, results in high anxiety level and complications among mothers. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of psychosocial support during labor provided by a female relative on anxiety level of primiparous women and midwives’ points of view regarding this intervention in Iran hospital, Iranshahr. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 210 primiparous women attending Iranshahr hospital, 2010. The subjects were aged between 18-35 years old, at 37 weeks gestational age who were carrying a single fetus and cervical dilatation (> 3 cm) with no indication for elective caesarean section. They were randomly assigned into experimental (n=105) and control groups (n=105). Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory was used to record the anxiety score in admission time and in 6-8 cm dilation of cervix. All subjects received similar midwifery helps, however, women in experimental group were accompanied by a female relative until one hour after birth and the mothers in the control group received routine care. Midwives’ points of view were also recorded regarding the intervention. To analyze the data independent t-test, paired t-test, and x2 test were used. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographic features, gestational age, fetal weight and state anxiety score. Mothers' anxiety score on 6-8 cm dilation was significantly lower in intervention group (43.9%) while this score was 51.4% in control group (P<0.05). The anxiety score increased significantly in control group during labor (51.4%) compared with that in admission time (44.6%), (P<0.05). But no significant difference was found in the state anxiety score during labor and admission time among experimental group (44.5% and 43.9%, respectively). Midwives’ rate of satisfaction with the intervention was 81.9%, disturbance made by companions in delivery room was 14.3%, and interfering with physician orders was 23.8%. Conclusion: Psychosocial support by female companion is a low cost and useful way to decrease anxiety of primiparous mother during labor. This intervention also increases satisfaction of midwives

Study about different types of medicinal plants used by elderly people in Shahrekord city, Iran, 2009

زمینه و هدف: سالمندان اغلب به بیماری های مزمن مبتلا می باشند. این افراد معمولاً بدون تجویز پزشک معالج و به شکل فزاینده ای از گیاهان دارویی استفاده می کنند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین انواع گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده و کاربرد آنها در سالمندان ساکن شهرکرد سال 1388 انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی – تحلیلی تعداد 400 نفر سالمند 60 سال و بالاتر دارای پرونده بهداشتی در مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی شهر شهرکرد به صورت آسان انتخاب شدند. داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه خودساخته جمع آوری و با آزمون آماری کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: 4/74 از نمونه های مورد بررسی از گیاهان دارویی استفاده می کردند. بیشترین علل مصرف به ترتیب فراوانی سرماخوردگی، دردهای معده، سردرد، پادرد و فشار خون و بیشترین گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده به ترتیب آویشن، گل گاو زبان، خاکشیر، گل برنجاسب و شیرین بیان بود. 91 از سالمندان معتقد بودند که گیاهان دارویی در درمان بیماری آنها موثر بوده است. در این مطالعه ارتباط معنی دار آماری بین جنس، سن، تحصیلات و شغل سالمندان و مصرف گیاهان دارویی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). نتیجه گیری: با توجه به مصرف نسبتا زیاد گیاهان دارویی در سالمندان ، لزوم اطلاع رسانی صحیح در سطح جامعه نسبت به عوارض و تداخلات احتمالی و انجام مطالعات بیشتر در خصوص اثربخشی و عوارض احتمالی آنها ضرورت دارد

Comparing the effects of massage and intra intramuscular pethidine on pain relief in the stages of labor and the length of labor

Introduction: Systemic opioids and massage therapy are widely used for pain relief during labor. The aim of this study was to compare between massage and intramuscular pethidine (meperidine) for pain relief in the stages of labor and the length of labor. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 120 pregnant women referred to valiasr hospital in Broojen, Iran in 2012. Subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of massage, intramuscular pethidine and standard care. Data were collected using interview forms, observation and examination. Pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive statistics, paired t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Pain intensity showed significant differences between the three groups, 30 minutes after the intervention and pain intensity was lower in the massage group than other groups (p=0.001). Intensity of uterine contractions showed significant differences between the three groups and it was lower in massage group than other groups (p<0.0001). There was no significant differences in duration of the first (p=0.086) and the second stages (p=0.295) of labor in all groups. Conclusion: Massage and intramuscular pethidine reduced pain during labor, but massage therapy provided more persistent pain relief and without any side effects. Massage therapy is a safe, effective and inexpensive intervention and it can be used for pain relief during labor

Use of herbal medicines by pregnant women in Shahr-e-Kord

Abstract Introduction: Researchers have shown that herbal medicines are used by a large portion of pregnant women. Herbs are generally perceived as safe, harmless and free from side-effect but there have been reports on side-effects in pregnant mothers and their fetuses as well as on drug interactions. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of the use of herbal medi-cines among pregnant women referring to health care centers in Shahr-e-Kord. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 447

An Exploration of the Maternal Experiences of Breast Engorgement and Milk Leakage after Perinatal Loss

Introduction and Purpose: Perinatal loss is one of the toughest events of life. Physiological milk secretion after perinatal loss adds to complicacy of the hardships of the event. The present study is aimed at exploring women’s experience with breast problems and milk leakage after perinatal loss. Methods: The Study was carried out through explorative quality approach with 18 participants. Sampling method was purposeful and selecting the participants from widest variety was ensured. Data gathering was through deep semi-structured interview and data analyses were done by conventional content analysis. Reliability and validity of the data were ensured by collecting data from a wide range of participants and frequent revisions. Findings: Data analysis indicated four themes including beyond pain, longing being mother, insufficiency of provided information and coping Strategies, and beliefs and values regarding milk leakage and breast engorgement. Conclusion: The findings suggested that health care givers needed to inform the patients about probability milk leakage and breast engorgement and remedies to reduce pains and problems of breast engorgement

Comparison of vaginal ointment of honey and clotrimazole for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: A random clinical trial

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most prevalent vaginitis in women, accounting for 10 million medical referrals a year. Vaginal clotrimazole is a drug of choice for VVC treatment. However, increased drug resistance to this microorganism has led to an interest in naturally derived antifungal drugs. This study was conducted to compare honey vaginal ointment and clotrimazole vaginal ointment for VVC treatment. METHODS: Eighty women diagnosed with VVC were assigned to two groups for honey ointment and clotrimazole ointment treatment using a simple randomization rule. The ointments were applied at night for seven days. The disease symptoms including inflammation, vaginal discharge, and irritation at baseline in the fourth and eighth days of treatment were examined and compared between the two groups. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 with the Friedman test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered as the significance. RESULTS: The two groups were similar for inflammation severity, irritation, and discharge at baseline. In both the groups, the symptoms disappeared after treatment. On the eighth day of treatment, there was a significant difference in inflammation and vaginal discharge between the two groups. Inflammation (P=0.002) and vaginal discharge (P=0.003) recovered better in the clotrimazole group. But there was no significant difference in irritation severity and satisfaction with treatment between the two groups. In the two groups, no side effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Honey contributes to treating VVC. Thanks to the popular positive attitudes of honey, its availability, no need for sterility, and its cost-effectiveness, it is a choice of treatment for VVC. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CLOTRIMAZOLE AND SALVIA OFFICINALIS EXTRACT AGAINST VAGINAL CANDIDA ALBICANS ISOLATED FRO...

Background: Vaginal Candidiasis is the most common vaginitis in women and Clotrimazole is the choice treatment. The side effects of drugs and microorganisms resistant are big problems in medicine and herbal therapy seems to be suitable alternative. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effects of Clotrimazole and Salvia officinalis on vaginal C. albicans. Materials and Methods: A vaginal sample of 100 women with vaginal candidiasis was collected in the tube containing 1cc of normal saline. These samples

Effect of ethanolic and watery extract of aerial parts of stachys lavandulifolia on trichomonas vaginalis, in vitro

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmitted disease world wide. In view of increased resistance of the parasite to classical drugs of the metronidazole family, the need for new unrelated agents is increasing. In Charmahal va bakhtiare province Stachys lavandulifolia traditionally used for vaginal infection. Objective: The study evaluates anti trichmonas activity of of ethanolic and watery extract of aerial parts Stachys lavandulifolia. Methods: This study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Etanolic and watery were extracted by hydro distillations. The parasite was isolated from vagina. Sample were collected from vaginal discharges of six patients and cultured in laboratory. Identification were done through direct smear preparation, parasite was added to the 9 test tubes containing metronidazole, etanolic and watery extraction of Stachys lavandulifolia with concentration of (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and l000μL/ml) order to determine the effect of these concentration within 72 hours. Results: finding suggested that the Trichomonas vaginalis could be alive in TYIS-33, watery and ethanolic extraction within 72 hours. In presence of metronidazole for no alive parasite was detected after 72 hours. Number of parasite in TYIS-33, watery (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000μg/ml) and ethanolic extraction (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000μg/ml) and ethanol was 1504, 1504, 100, 1304, <100, 577 respectively. Conclusion: Finding demonstrates further studies are required of of Stachys lavandulifolia to evaluate its microbicidal activity against other sexually transmitted infection