BURROWING MACROINFAUNA IN MOUNDS OF THALASSINA ANOMALA (HERBST) (THALASSINIDEA, CRUSTACEA) IN SOME SINGAPORE MANGROVES

Bachelor'sBACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS

Fouling and its next generation management: a perspective

The last 50 years of fouling research and management taught us that indiscriminate use of toxic approaches damages ecosystem services of estuaries and oceans critical to man’s existence. Next generation environmentally benign management requires knowledge of the fouling process and an understanding of the consequences of different management options. An intermediate step may be additives that fit with existing business models and distribution systems, but that carry a much reduced environmental footprint. Subsequently, the evolution of a next generation hull fouling management system with limited toxicity easy clean surfaces should replace or augment the existing commercial easy-release coatings. These new technologies require new business models and infrastructure. The path for a new commercial hull coating, from a concept to the actual product takes 25 to 35 years to complete. Major challenges include fitting in with existing business models and systems and meeting regulations. Leveraging on our experience in the development of additives as a case example, we offer a perspective on what the new fouling management systems might involve and discuss issues to be addressed as limited toxicity easy-clean coatings gain market share. As existing business cannot easily adapt to a different business model, evolution of new management solutions will require resources, a necessary long term perspective, and close working relationships between business and science to enable products in the global market

Fouling and its next generation management: a perspective

The last 50 years of fouling research and management taught us that indiscriminate use of toxic approaches damages ecosystem services of estuaries and oceans critical to man’s existence. Next generation environmentally benign management requires knowledge of the fouling process and an understanding of the consequences of different management options. An intermediate step may be additives that fit with existing business models and distribution systems, but that carry a much reduced environmental footprint. Subsequently, the evolution of a next generation hull fouling management system with limited toxicity easy clean surfaces should replace or augment the existing commercial easy-release coatings. These new technologies require new business models and infrastructure. The path for a new commercial hull coating, from a concept to the actual product takes 25 to 35 years to complete. Major challenges include fitting in with existing business models and systems and meeting regulations. Leveraging on our experience in the development of additives as a case example, we offer a perspective on what the new fouling management systems might involve and discuss issues to be addressed as limited toxicity easy-clean coatings gain market share. As existing business cannot easily adapt to a different business model, evolution of new management solutions will require resources, a necessary long term perspective, and close working relationships between business and science to enable products in the global market.

Method for biocidal and/or biostatic treatment and compositions therefor

US20060110456A1Published Applicatio

A Short Review of Laboratory and Field Testing of Environmentally Benign Antifouling Coatings

2067-2074<span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Unlike traditional biocide-based antifouling coatings, emerging antifouling concepts combining environmentally benign materials and biomimetic concepts may require new antifouling assay methods for evaluating activity before the transition from lab to dynamic field test environment. As a result, many new antifouling assays have been introduced in the past few years, each designed to measure specific parameters. However, it is important to keep in mind that emerging novel antifouling systems leverage on synergism between more than one antifouling mechanisms of action. Thus, to understand antifouling activity, it is necessary to evaluate them in different laboratory and natural field environment conditions as polymers may behave differently in static controlled environment and dynamic conditions of the natural marine environment. For field tests, new ways to elucidate performance in smaller scale experiments before transition to larger panel performance tests are needed. In this paper, we discuss the emerging challenges for antifouling testing for R&D.</span

Antifouling Compounds And Use Thereof

US20110092518A1Published Applicatio

Inhibition of barnacle cyprid settlement using low frequency and intensity ultrasound

10.1080/08927014.2012.658511Biofouling282131-141BFOU

Measuring protein isoelectric points by AFM-based force spectroscopy using trace amounts of sample

Protein charge at various pH and isoelectric point (pI) values is important in understanding protein function. However, often only trace amounts of unknown proteins are available and pI measurements cannot be obtained using conventional methods. Here, we show a method based on the atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine pI using minute quantities of proteins. The protein of interest is immobilized on AFM colloidal probes and the adhesion force of the protein is measured against a positively and a negatively charged substrate made by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes. From the AFM force–distance curves, pI values with an estimated accuracy of ±0.25 were obtained for bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, fibrinogen and ribonuclease A over a range of 4.7–9.8. Using this method, we show that the pI of the ‘footprint’ of the temporary adhesive proteins secreted by the barnacle cyprid larvae of Amphibalanus amphitrite is in the range 9.6–9.7