APPLICATION OF THE KALMAN FILTER ON FULL TENSOR GRAVITY GRADIOMETRY DATA AROUND THE VINTON SALT DOME, LOUISIANA

Full tensor gravity (FTG) data are known for their high resolution but also for higher noise in its components due to the dynamic nature of the platform used for data acquisition. Although a review of the literature suggests steady increase in the success of gravity gradiometry, we still cannot take advantage of the full potential of the method, mostly because of the noise with the same amplitude and wavenumber characteristics as the signal that affects these data. Smoothing from common low pass filters removes small wavelength features and makes it difficult to detect structural features and other density variations of interest to exploration. In Kalman filtering the components of the FTG are continuously updated to calculate the best estimation of the state. The most important advantage of the Kalman filter is that it can be applied on gravity gradiometry components simultaneously. In addition, one can incorporate constraints. We use the Laplace’s equation that is the most meaningful constraint for potential field data to extract signal from noise and improve the detection and continuity of density variations. We apply the Kalman filter on the FTG data acquired by Bell Geospace over the Vinton salt dome in southwest Louisiana

Acid folic supplementation in major depressive disorder treatment: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Background: Augmentation therapy involves the addition of a second drug, such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and nutritional supplements, to a primary antidepressant treatment. Studies on adding folic acid to a preexisting antidepressive regimen as a form of augmentation therapy have had different and even controversial results. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects that adding folic acid to a pharmaceutical diet with citalopram has on the treatment of depression. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in Kashan, Iran on 90 patients who suffered from depression. Patients were allocated to study groups using random permuted blocks. One group (n=45) received a dosage of 20 mg citalopram in combination with 2.5mgfolic acid on a daily basis, and the other group (n=45) received the same daily dose of citalopram with a placebo for eight weeks. To measure the severity of each patient’s depression, the Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) questionnaire was used prior to starting the antidepressant therapy and was repeated four, six, and eight weeks after beginning the treatment. A reduction from the original BDI-II scores that was greater than 50% was considered to be a response to treatment. Results: The average depression scores before treatment were 30.11±10.41 in the intervention group and 31.24±10.26 in the control group (P=0.6). At the end of the study, the depression scores in the intervention and the control groups were 13.31±6.57 and 19.11±8.59, respectively (P<0.001). A reduction in the average depression scores of the intervention group was statistically significant after six and eight weeks (P=0.01 and P=0.001, respectively). At the end of the study, the frequency of response to treatment was 73.3% in the intervention group and 40.0% in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: Folic acid, when used as a complementary therapy, can improve a patient’s response to antidepressants used for the treatment of major depression

The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Man Smokers’ Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Besides physical problems, cigarette smoking is associated with a high prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. One of the reasons behind high post-cessation smoking lapse and relapse rates is inattentiveness to these symptoms during the process of cessation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on male smokers’ comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms and smoking cessation.Methods: This two-group pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial was done on a random sample of seventy male smokers. Participants were randomly and evenly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Patients in these groups received either acceptance or commitment therapy or routine psychological counseling services include cognitive behavior therapy, respectively. Study data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the Structural Clinical Interview (SCI) for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition (DSM-IV) disorders, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Micro Smokerlyzer carbon monoxide monitor.The SPSS software was employed to analyze the data.Findings: After the intervention, depression and anxiety scores and smoking cessation rate in the intervention group were respectively lower and higher than the control group (P < 0.050).Conclusion: ACT can significantly improve comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms and smoking cessation rate. Thus, it can be used to simultaneously manage depression, anxiety, and cigarette smoking

Environmental CSR, Customer Equity Drivers, and Travelers’ Critical Outcomes: A Stimulus–Organism–Response Framework

While environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained increased attention in sustainable tourism research, little is known about its impacts on customers in the context of the airlines. This study investigates the impact of environmental CSR on two critical customer outcomes, namely, purchase intention (PI) and switching behavior (SB). In light of the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) framework, this study further examines the joint mediating impact of customer equity drivers (CEDs) in the previously mentioned relationships. With a sample of Iranian air travelers, the results of the structural equation model revealed that environmental CSR significantly affects CEDs. While CEDs predict PI, they failed to reduce SB. Hence, CEDs jointly mediate the impact of environmental CSR on PI only. The results of the current study reveal nuances in the service marketing research by extending the impact of environmental CSR on travelers’ PI and SB via CEDs. Theoretical and practical implications are provided

Comparing the effect of agomelatine and sertraline in treating patients with major depression disorder

Objectives: This study compared the effect of agomelatine and sertraline in treating patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods: This single‑blinded clinical trial was conducted on 52 patients aged 18–65 years with major depression (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) in Kashan in 2020. The Hamilton Rating Scale was randomly assigned agomelatine (25–50 mg/day) or sertraline (50–200 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The main efficacy outcome was considered a mean change of HAM‑D score from the baseline to the end of therapy.Results: The drugs under study effectively reduced depressive symptoms at all time points. As a frequent analysis showed, changes in Hamilton score were found to be significant in both the groups over time (F = 45.48, P < 0.001). Comparing the two groups showed a significant difference, such that score reduction was higher in the sertraline group (F = 4.45, P = 0.04). However, due to the differences between the two groups in terms of age and sex, the data were re‑analyzed using a linear regression analysis with a random effect model approach. After removing the effect of age and sex as two confounding variables, we observed no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion: Agomelatine is more effective than sertraline in treating MDD

Therapeutic effect of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling psychiatric syndromes with the prevalence of 1% in the general population. Despite availability of various antipsychotics, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are difficult to treat. In addition antipsychotic monotherapy is not effective in most of these patients. Current evidence indicates the roles of glutamatergic system in this disorder. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) also increases extracellular glutamate. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effects of oral NAC as an add-on to maintenance medication for the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Materials and methods This 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of 1200 mg N-acetyl cysteine as an adjunctive treatment with conventional antipsychotic medications in 84 patients with chronic schizophrenia. The subjects were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a standard neuropsychological screening test. Data were analyzed with SPSS-16 software. Results NAC-treated patients showed significantly improvement in the positive (F = 5.47, P = 0.02) and negative (F = 0.20, df = 1) PANSS subscale. Also the general and total PANSS score of NAC group declined over times whilst it was increased for placebo group. Regarding cognitive functions, improvement was observed in some explored areas, such as attention, short-term and working memory, executive functioning and speed of processing. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the frequency of adverse effects. Conclusion The present study detected improvement in positive, negative, general and total psychopathology symptoms as well as cognitive performance with NAC treatment. It is also well-tolerated, safe and easy-to-use agent as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve outcome in schizophrenia treatment. Keywords N-acetyl cysteine Schizophrenia Cognitive impairment Positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) Glutamatergic syste

The Effect of Memantine Versus Folic Acid on Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: Schizophrenia, as one of the most severe psychiatric diseases, has a chronic and debilitating process. The majority of patients with schizophrenia do not respond adequately to treatment with common antipsychotic drugs. Therapeutic problems induced by drug side effects as well as undesired results are major challenging issues regarding this disease. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of memantine supplementation on the improvement of cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Method: The present clinical trial was performed on 50 patients with acute schizophrenia who were admitted to Kargarnejad Psychiatric Hospital in Kashan in 2022 and who were diagnosed as schizophrenia cases at least three months ago. Patients were randomly divided into either the intervention group (n = 25) or the placebo group (n = 25). The intervention group received 5 mg of memantine per day for three months. The dose of memantine in this group was increased to the maximum of 20 mg per day. The placebo group received 1 mg of folic acid per day for three months. Moreover, an identical routine schizophrenia therapeutic regimen was administered to all patients. The effectiveness of memantine was evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), which assessed cognitive ability in older adults over a 12-week follow-up period. Results: The WAIS-III score in the 12th week of the study was significantly different between the placebo and intervention groups (P = 0.004), such that the score of the memantine group was higher than that of the placebo group. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of drug side effects. Conclusion: Memantine can be supplemented in the treatment of schizophrenia so as to improve the cognitive symptoms of this disorder. However, subsequent studies involving larger sample sizes and different doses seem to be necessary to provide more accurate results in this respect

Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of depression and poor physical function in older persons: the D-Vitaal study, a randomized clinical trial

Background: Depressive symptoms and impaired physical functioning are prevalent among older adults. Supplementation with vitamin D might improve both conditions, particularly in persons with low vitamin D status. Objective: The D-Vitaal study primarily aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms, functional limitations and physical performance in a high-risk older population with low vitamin D status. Secondary aims included examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anxiety symptoms, cognitive functioning, mobility, hand grip strength and health-related quality of life. Design: This study was a randomized placebo-controlled trial with 155 participants aged 60-80 years who had clinically relevant depressive symptoms, ≥1 functional limitation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations of 15-50/70 nmol/L (depending on season). Participants received 1200 IU/day vitamin D3 (n=76) or placebo tablets (n=77) for 12 months. Serum 25(OH)D was measured at baseline and 6 months; outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Linear mixed models analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle to assess the effect of the intervention. Results: The supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the intervention group to a mean of 85 nmol/L (SD: 16) against 43 nmol/L (SD: 18) in the placebo group after 6 months (P<0.001). No relevant differences between the treatment groups were observed regarding depressive symptoms, functional limitations, physical performance, or any of the secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Supplementation with 1200 IU/day vitamin D for 12 months had no effect on depressive symptoms and physical functioning in older persons with relatively low vitamin D status, clinically relevant depressive symptoms and poor physical functioning. KEYWORDS Vitamin D, 25(OH)D, Depressive symptoms, Physical functioning, Functional limitations, Physical performance, Older adults, Randomized Clinical Trial, Prevention, Supplementation

Optimisation of timing of autologous stem cell separations after various chemotherapy regimens by clinical and economical aspects

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden 140 Patienten retrospektiv auf eine mögliche Optimierung des Separationsablaufs analysiert. Die fünf aufeinander folgenden Tage, an denen am häufigsten separiert wurde, und deren Berücksichtigung in der Separationsplanung in der geschilderten Weise können zu einer Kostenreduktion beitragen. Für den Beginn der Mobilisierungstherapie konnte für die fünf am häufigsten vorkommenden Protokolle innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs eine Empfehlung gegeben werden. Diese Empfehlung sollte durch die Vermeidung von Wochenenden im Separationsablauf zu einer Kostenersparnis führen, was durch eine zukünftige Integration in den Separationsablauf näher geprüft werden sollte. Bezogen auf alle Separationen wurden durchschnittlich 5,37E+06 (s=7,87E+06) CD34+/kgKG pro Separation gesammelt. Am ersten Tag war die Stammzellmenge pro Kilogramm Körpergewicht mit durchschnittlich 7,11E+06 (s=9,81E+06) am höchsten, gefolgt von Tag zwei mit 3,96E+06 (s=4,77E+06) und Tag drei mit 2,36E+06 (s=2,26E+06). Über die Tage vier und fünf war aufgrund der geringen Datenmenge keine verlässliche statistische Aussage zu machen. Durchschnittlich wurden pro Zyklus 1,03E+07 CD34+/kgKG gesammelt (s=1,05E+07). Diagnose, Alter und Geschlecht hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Separationsergebnis. Es zeigte sich, dass an den ersten beiden Separationstagen eine sehr starke Korrelation zwischen den CD34+ Zellen im peripheren Blut und deren Gehalt im Separat besteht (r=0,872 und r=0,806; p<0,0005). Die Leukozyten erwiesen sich als ein nicht brauchbares Instrument, den Separationsgewinn vorherzusagen. Hinsichtlich Anzahl gewonnener CD34+ Zellen, Korrelationen zwischen CD34+ Zellen bzw. Leukozyten und dem Separationserfolg und seinen Einflussfaktoren wurden keine bedeutenden Abweichungen zu anderen Studien gefunden.In this work 140 patients who underwent autologous stem cell separations were retrospectively analyzed on a possible optimisation of the separation course. The time period of five days following on each other in which was separated most often, and their consideration in the separation course in the described way can contribute to a cost reduction. Within the patient's group a recommendation for beginning the start of mobilisation therapy could be given for the five most often used mobilisation protocols. This recommendation should lead by the avoidance of weekends in the separation course to cost savings what should be checked by future integrations in the separation course more closely. Per single separation an average stem cell count of 5,37 E+06 (s=7,87 E+06) CD34+/kg of body weight were collected. The highest stem cell amount was achieved on separation day one with 7,11 E+06 (s=9,81 E+06), followed by day two with 3,96 E+06 (s=4,77 E+06) and day three with 2,36 E+06 (s=2,26 E+06) per kilogram of body weight. About days 4 and 5, no dependable statistical statement was to be done on account of the low data amount. Per cycle an average of 1,03 E+07 (s=1,05 E+07) CD34+/kg of body weight were achieved. Diagnosis, age and gender had no significant influence on the separation result. It showed that during the first both separation days there was very strong correlation between CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood and their amount achieved (r=0,872 and r=0,806 respectively; p <0,0005). The leukocyte counts turned out to be no useful instrument to predict the separation result. Concerning number of mobilized CD34 + cells, correlations between CD34 + cells and leucocytes respectively and the mobilization account as well as its influencing factors, no significant divergences to other studies were found