The cytochemical localization of adenyl cyclase activity in rat sublingual gland

Adenyl cyclase activity in mucous acinar cells and serous demilune cells of the rat sublingual gland was localized cytochemically. After incubation with adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as substrate, deposits of reaction product are found along the cell membranes bordering the secretory surfaces of serous demilune cells. These are the membranes which participate directly in secretion by fusing with the granule membranes. The granule membranes of the demilune cells do not reveal reaction product, but the membranes of the granules which are fused with and become part of the cell membrane do show deposits. Thus, it appears that the cell membranes which fuse with granule membranes during secretion are associated with a high level of adenyl cyclase activity. In support of this, the luminal membranes of the mucous acinar cells which do not fuse with granule membranes during secretion are not associated with detectable amounts of adenyl cyclase activity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49675/1/1001440407_ftp.pd

Studies on Hypoxia: XI. Long-Term Effects on the Epiphyseal Plate—A Histomeric and Radioautographic Study

Rats were exposed to hypoxia for one week. The mean thickness of epiphyseal plates from control rats was 430 micrometers (μm) which was reduced to 313 μm in hypoxic rats. Radioautographic incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine by connective tissue cells in hypoxic rats was reduced up to 38% in control rats.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66916/2/10.1177_00220345760550031301.pd

Histochemical demonstrations of actinomycininduced changes of certain oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of rat incisor pulps

Levels of succinic and lactic dehydrogenases, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities of the rat incisor pulp were examined following a sublethal dose injection of actinomycin D. Control animals injected with physiological saline were pair-fed.Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were low in the pulp and presented insignificant alterations throughout the experiment. Lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities of the dental pulp dropped rapidly during the first several days of the experiment and returned to the normal level by the end of the third week. Acid phosphatase activity showed rapid recovery after an initial drop, reached a peak on day 7, and returned to normal by the end of the second week.The significant increase in acid phosphatase activity occurred at the time when cytoplasmic degenerations are most pronounced. While succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities remained constant during theexperiment, the normally higher lactic dehydrogenase activity showed a marked reduction in the experimental animals suggesting the dependence of pulp cells on anaerobic glycolysis, which is suppressed by actinomycin D. Variations in the level of enzyme activities observed in control animals are attributed to pair-feeding. Results of the present work give further supports to data obtained from previous ultrastructural studies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33370/1/0000768.pd

The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the pulp of the rat incisor : A study by quantitative radioautography and electron microscopy

The effect of actinomycin D on the fibroblast of the dental pulp of continuously growing rat incisors is studied by means of radioautography and electron microscopy. Results of grain counts of radioautographs at various times following an injection of H3-leucine indicate that there is a progressive decrease in incorporation of the isotope by fibroblasts which reaches a maximum decrease on day 7 and subsequently regenerate to a near normal value by the end of the experiment on day 21.Electron microscopic observations of the fine structure of the fibroblast parallel the radioautographic findings in that the maximum degeneration of intracellular structures is observed on day 7 with gradual recovery from that point on. The most seriously affected structures are the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the appearance of polyribosomes, the structures that are thought to be directly involved in the elaboration and secretion of proteins. In addition, increased irregularity in size and shape of mitochondria is observed. A large number of lipid droplets as well as cytolysomes appear during the period between 7 and 10 days. The observations on the nucleolus confirm descriptions by previous workers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33347/1/0000744.pd

Radiographic comparison between cervical spine lateral and whole-spine lateral standing radiographs

Study Design Retrospective radiologic study. Objective The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine can be evaluated using either a lateral cervical radiograph or a whole-spine lateral view on which the cervical spine is included. To our knowledge, however, no report has compared the two. The purpose of this work is to identify the difference in radiographic parameters between the cervical spine lateral view and the whole-spine lateral view. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 59 adult patients suffering from neck pain with cervical spine lateral radiographs and whole-spine lateral radiographs from November 2007 to December 2011. The radiographs were measured using standard techniques to obtain the following parameters from the two different radiographs: occipital–C2 angle, C2–C7 angle, C7–sternal angle, sternal slope, T1 slope, C2 central offset distance, the distance between C2 and C7 plumb lines, C4 anteroposterior (AP) diameter, the ratio of C2 central off distance to C4 AP diameter, the ratio of plumb lines' distance to C4 AP diameter. Results We found that the occipital–C2 angle, sternal slope, and C4 AP diameter were similar, but the C2–C7 angle, C7–sternal angle, T1 slope, C2 central offset distance, distance between C2 and C7 plumb lines, ratio of C2 central off distance to C4 AP diameter, and ratio of plumb lines' distance to C4 AP diameter were different. However, the error of measurement was greater than the small angular and linear differences between the two views. Conclusions Most numerical values of the measured radiographic parameters appear to be different between the two views. However, the two views are comparable because the numerical differences were smaller than the errors of measurement

Age-related decline in protein synthesis in the rat parotid gland

This study was undertaken to determine whether protein synthesis declines with age in parorid salivary glands. We have examined the level of incorporation of [3H]-leucine into protein and the metabolism of [U-14C]-D-glucose in 2-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 30-month-old rats. The rate of incorporation of [3H]-leucine into perchloric acid insoluble protein by gland slices decreases progressively with age from 138.43+/-5.43 nmole/mg DNA/h at 2 months to 109.77+/-6.88, 97+/-4.68, 71.62+/-4.13 and 58.08+/-5.61 nmole/mg DNA/h at 12, 18, 24 and 30 months, respectively. The amount of radioactivity in the perchloric acid soluble fraction remains relatively stable at all ages. The ability of gland slices to oxidize [U-14C]-D-glucose to 14CO2 and to incorporate radioactivity into the total lipid does not change with age, whereas the incorporation of radioactivity into protein decreases significantly from 45.06+/-3.55 at 2 months to 21.75+/-1.30 nmoles glucuse/mg DNA/h at 24 months. Histologically, no significant change is detected in the proportion of secretory cells to ductal cells in the different age groups. In radioautographs of the glands incubated with [3H]-leucine, the distribution of cells with grains is similar in all age groups. Lipid droplets occur at the periphery of the lobules and a large number of lipofuscin granules are present in secretory acinar cells of 12-month-old and older rats when viewed in the electron microscope. However, the structural integrity in the cellular organelles is maintained in the acinar cells of all age groups. These results indicate that the ability of parotid gland cells to synthesize protein decreases with age. The decrease reflects specific changes in protein synthesis and not an overall decline in cellular metabolism or a decrease in the number of cells which incorporate leucine.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23360/1/0000304.pd

Wide-Field Survey of Globular Clusters in M31. I. A Catalog of New Clusters

We present the result of a wide-field survey of globular clusters (GCs) in M31 covering a 3deg x 3deg field c. We have searched for GCs on CCD images taken with Washington CMT1 filters at the KPNO 0.9 m telescope using steps: (1) inspection of morphological parameters given by the SExtractor package such as stellarity, full maximum, and ellipticity; (2) consulting the spectral types and radial velocities obtained from spectra takena spectrograph at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope; and (3) visual inspection of the images of each object. We have and GC candidates, of which 605 are newly found GCs and GC candidates and 559 are previously known GCs. Amoects there are 113 genuine GCs, 258 probable GCs, and 234 possible GCs, according to our classification critee known objects there are 383 genuine GCs, 109 probable GCs, and 67 possible GCs. In total there are 496 genprobable GCs and 301 possible GCs. Most of these newly found GCs have T1 magnitudes of 17.5 - 19.5 mag, [17.9 < V < 19.9 mag assuming (C-T1) ~ 1.5], and (C-T1) colors in the range 1 - 2.Comment: accepted by AJ, using emulateapj.cl

Tin doped indium oxide core-TiO <inf>2</inf> shell nanowires on stainless steel mesh for flexible photoelectrochemical cells

Photoanode architecture is built on highly conductive tin doped indium oxide (ITO) nanowires (NWs) on a flexible stainless steel mesh (SSM). ITO nanowires were coated with the atomic layer deposition grown TiO 2 layer and the photoelectrochemical performance of the stainless steel mesh based photoanode were examined as a function of wire-length and shell-thickness. The photoanode consisting of 20 m-long nanowire core and 36 nm thick shell increased the photocurrent of the testing cell by 4 times, compared to a reference cell. This enhanced photochemical activity is attributed to higher light harvesting efficiency of nanowire arrays and suppressed charge recombination of core-shell structure. © 2012 American Institute of Physics