1 research outputs found
Na<sup>+</sup>/Vacancy Disordered P2-Na<sub>0.67</sub>Co<sub>1β<i>x</i></sub>Ti<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub>: High-Energy and High-Power Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries
Although
sodium ion batteries (NIBs) have gained wide interest, their poor
energy density poses a serious challenge for their practical applications.
Therefore, high-energy-density cathode materials are required for
NIBs to enable the utilization of a large amount of reversible Na
ions. This study presents a P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Co<sub>1β<i>x</i></sub>Ti<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> (<i>x</i> < 0.2) cathode with an extended potential range higher
than 4.4 V to present a high specific capacity of 166 mAh g<sup>β1</sup>. A group of P2-type cathodes containing various amounts of Ti is
prepared using a facile synthetic method. These cathodes show different
behaviors of the Na<sup>+</sup>/vacancy ordering. Na<sub>0.67</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> suffers severe capacity loss at high voltages due
to irreversible structure changes causing serious polarization, while
the Ti-substituted cathodes have long credible cycleability as well
as high energy. In particular, Na<sub>0.67</sub>Co<sub>0.90</sub>Ti<sub>0.10</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exhibits excellent capacity retention (115
mAh g<sup>β1</sup>) even after 100 cycles, whereas Na<sub>0.67</sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> exhibits negligible capacity retention (<10 mAh
g<sup>β1</sup>) at 4.5 V cutoff conditions. Na<sub>0.67</sub>Co<sub>0.90</sub>Ti<sub>0.10</sub>O<sub>2</sub> also exhibits outstanding
rate capabilities of 108 mAh g<sup>β1</sup> at a current density
of 1000 mA g<sup>β1</sup> (7.4 C). Increased sodium diffusion
kinetics from mitigated Na<sup>+</sup>/vacancy ordering, which allows
high Na<sup>+</sup> utilization, are investigated to find in detail
the mechanism of the improvement by combining systematic analyses
comprising TEM, in situ XRD, and electrochemical methods