Effect of a first responder on survival outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs during a period of exercise in a public place

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>The deployment of first responders in a public place is one of the interventions that is used for increasing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). We studied the association between the presence of a first responder and the survival of OHCA that occurred during a period of exercise in a public place.</p><p>Methods</p><p>All of the adult OHCAs of a presumed cardiac etiology that occurred during a period of exercise in a public place and that were witnessed by a bystander between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed. The main exposure of interest was the characteristics of the bystander (first responder vs. layperson). The endpoints were the provision of bystander CPR and good neurological recovery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for patient-environment and prehospital factors, was performed.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 870 patients had a cardiac arrest during a period of exercise in a public place, and 58 (6.7%) patients were witnessed by the first responder. The OHCAs witnessed by first responders were more likely to result in bystander CPR than those witnessed by laypersons (89.7% vs. 75.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.01, adjusted OR (95% CI): 3.51 (1.44–8.55)). In terms of good neurological recovery, the OHCAs witnessed by first responders had a higher likelihood than the patients witnessed by laypersons (37.9% vs, 24.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.02, adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.92 (1.33–6.40)).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The OHCAs occurred during a period of exercise in a public place and whom first responders witnessed were more likely to receive bystander CPR and to have a neurologically intact survival.</p></div

Study population.

<p>EMS: emergency medical service; OHCA: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</p

Associations between bystanders and study outcomes for study population.

<p>Associations between bystanders and study outcomes for study population.</p