GSARNN Code and Data

GSARNN Code, Simulated Data and Argo Dat

Re-aware Global Ocean Deoxygenation During the Past 140 Years

The intensifying global ocean deoxygenation has significant impacts on the oceanic ecological equilibrium. Gaps persist in understanding the dynamic evolution of global ocean oxygen throughout the 20th century due to the spatiotemporal sparsity of measurements and systematic biases within Earth system models. Here, we propose a novel spatiotemporal embedded artificial intelligence model that integrates diverse ocean datasets to construct a high-precision, monthly-resolved global ocean oxygen dataset spanning the past 140 years. Our quantitative analyses revealed a decline in global ocean oxygen content from 234.5 ± 0.4 Pmol in 1871 to 230.6 ± 0.4 Pmol in 2010, with a sharp drop of −1402.2 ± 173.6 Tmol per decade post-1980, attributing 98.5% of total oxygen loss in the past three decades alone. Our investigation further underscored that the critical temperature at the sea surface beyond which ocean oxygen begins to rapidly decrease is approximately 18°C. Forward-looking projections underlined the potential for a decline exceeding 10% in global ocean oxygen content relative to pre-1900 levels, under uncontrolled anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions by the end of the 21st century. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of historical dynamics and future trajectories in global ocean oxygen, as well as a deeper knowledge of ocean deoxygenation and its underlying mechanisms.</p