Diseño y Evaluación de un Proceso de Formación en Habilidades Comunicativas para la Docencia

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación-acción centrado en el análisis y evaluación del diseño y los resultados de aprendizaje de la asignatura “Habilidades comunicativas para profesores”, que se imparte en el Máster en Profesorado de ESO, Bachillerato, FP y Enseñanzas de Idiomas, Artísticas y Deportivas en la Universidad de Zaragoza. La asignatura pretende capacitar a los futuros profesores para identificar, observar críticamente y poner en práctica habilidades de comunicación oral relacionadas con las principales formas discursivas de la actividad docente (expositivas, argumentativas y dialógicas), partiendo del presupuesto inicial de que determinadas estrategias comunicativas contribuyen a facilitar los aprendizajes. La fundamentación teórica adopta el paradigma de educación como una situación de comunicación entre profesor y alumnos. A partir de ello, se hace especial hincapié en el dominio de los diversos géneros discursivos docentes y las estrategias retóricas a través de diversas prácticas, algunas en el contexto real de los centros de Secundaria. Los resultados de aprendizaje y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes han sido objeto de evaluación mediante instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos. En conjunto, los resultados permiten afirmar que esta asignatura resulta altamente eficaz y relevante para la formación del profesorado de Secundaria. This paper presents the results of a process of action research focused on analysing and evaluating both the curriculum and the results of "Communicattvle Skills for Future Teachers", an optional course offered within the Teacher''s Training Master of the University of Zaragoza. One of the aims of this course is to train the future teachers in older to identify, recognize and critically valorise oral skills and genres that are used in classrooms in Middle Education. Therefore at the end of the course it is expected for the Students to be able to master the principal genres for teaching (exposition, argumentation, dialogue), inso-far as these communicative strategies can increase the quality of teaching. The theoretical framework of this work is based upon the idea that learning is essentially a communicate situation where teachers and students are involved. So the training is basically focused on mastering oral skills and rhetorical strategies through practical activities, some of them made in real Middle Education classrooms. Considering all that, through different tools, we evaluated the learning results and the satisfaction degree of the students. And, in brief, the results allow us to conclude that this course is highly useful for the training of future teachers

A modular toolbox for gRNA-Cas9 genome engineering in plants based on the GoldenBraid standard

[EN] Background: The efficiency, versatility and multiplexing capacity of RNA-guided genome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables a variety of applications in plants, ranging from gene editing to the construction of transcriptional gene circuits, many of which depend on the technical ability to compose and transfer complex synthetic instructions into the plant cell. The engineering principles of standardization and modularity applied to DNA cloning are impacting plant genetic engineering, by increasing multigene assembly efficiency and by fostering the exchange of well-defined physical DNA parts with precise functional information. Results: Here we describe the adaptation of the RNA-guided Cas9 system to GoldenBraid (GB), a modular DNA con¿ struction framework being increasingly used in Plant Synthetic Biology. In this work, the genetic elements required for CRISPRs-based editing and transcriptional regulation were adapted to GB, and a workflow for gRNAs construction was designed and optimized. New software tools specific for CRISPRs assembly were created and incorporated to the public GB resources site. Conclusions: The functionality and the efficiency of gRNA¿Cas9 GB tools were demonstrated in Nicotiana benthamiana using transient expression assays both for gene targeted mutations and for transcriptional regulation. The availability of gRNA¿Cas9 GB toolbox will facilitate the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to plant genome engineeringThis work has been funded by Grant BIO2013-42193-R from Plan Nacional I + D of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Vazquez-Vilar M. is a recipient of a Junta de Ampliacion de Estudios fellowship. Bernabe-Orts J.M. is a recipient of a FPI fellowship. We want to thank Nicola J. Patron and Mark Youles for kindly providing humanCas9 and U6-26 clones. We also want to thank Eugenio Gomez for providing Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA and Concha Domingo for providing rice genomic DNA. We also want to thank the COST Action FA1006 for the support in the development of the software tools.Vázquez-Vilar, M.; Bernabé-Orts, JM.; Fernández Del Carmen, MA.; Ziarsolo Areitioaurtena, P.; Blanca Postigo, JM.; Granell Richart, A.; Orzáez Calatayud, DV. (2016). A modular toolbox for gRNA-Cas9 genome engineering in plants based on the GoldenBraid standard. Plant Methods. 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-016-0101-2S12Ran FA, Hsu PD, Wright J, Agarwala V, Scott DA, Zhang F. Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Nat Protoc. 2013;8(11):2281–308. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2013.143 .Yang X. Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome engineering. Mil Med Res. 2015;2:11. doi: 10.1186/s40779-015-0038-1 .Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, et al. 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