Full-Service MAC Protocol for Metro-Reach GPONs

“This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder." “Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.”An advanced medium access control protocol is presented demonstrating dynamic bandwidth allocation for long-reach gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPONs). The protocol enables the optical line terminal to overlap the idle time slots in each packet transmission cycle with a virtual polling cycle to increase the effective transmission bandwidth. Contrasting the new scheme with developed algorithms, network modeling has exhibited significant improvement in channel throughput, mean packet delay, and packet loss rate in the presence of class-of-service and service-level differentiation. In particular, the displayed 34% increase in the overall channel throughput and 30 times reduction in mean packet delay for service-level 1 and service-level 2 optical network units (ONUs) at accustomed 50% ONU load constitutes the highest extended-reach GPON performance reported up to date.Peer reviewe

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in Heterogeneous OFDMA-PONs Featuring Intelligent LTE-A Traffic Queuing

This work was supported by the ACCORDANCE project, through the 7th ICT Framework Programme. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Lightwave Technology following peer review. © 2014 IEEE Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.A heterogeneous, optical/wireless dynamic bandwidth allocation framework is presented, exhibiting intelligent traffic queuing for practically controlling the quality-of-service (QoS) of mobile traffic, backhauled via orthogonal frequency division multiple access–PON (OFDMA-PON) networks. A converged data link layer is presented between long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) and next-generation passive optical network (NGPON) topologies, extending beyond NGPON2. This is achieved by incorporating in a new protocol design, consistent mapping of LTE-A QCIs and OFDMA-PON queues. Novel inter-ONU algorithms have been developed, based on the distribution of weights to allocate subcarriers to both enhanced node B/optical network units (eNB/ONUs) and residential ONUs, sharing the same infrastructure. A weighted, intra-ONU scheduling mechanism is also introduced to control further the QoS across the network load. The inter and intra-ONU algorithms are both dynamic and adaptive, providing customized solutions to bandwidth allocation for different priority queues at different network traffic loads exhibiting practical fairness in bandwidth distribution. Therefore, middle and low priority packets are not unjustifiably deprived in favor of high priority packets at low network traffic loads. Still the protocol adaptability allows the high priority queues to automatically over perform when the traffic load has increased and the available bandwidth needs to be rationally redistributed. Computer simulations have confirmed that following the application of adaptive weights the fairness index of the new scheme (representing the achieved throughput for each queue), has improved across the traffic load to above 0.9. Packet delay reduction of more than 40ms has been recorded as a result for the low priority queues, while high priories still achieve sufficiently low packet delays in the range of 20 to 30msPeer reviewe

A multi-wavelength access network featuring WiMAX transmission over GPON links

“This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder." “Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.”An IEEE802.16e compliant PON architecture with wavelength band overlay has been demonstrated. Transparent transmission of mobile-WiMAX RF channels over multi-wavelength GPON links, based on FDM, has demonstrated at remote receivers standard WiMAX EVM figures with 1E-11 GPON bit-error-rates

Demonstration of wireless backhauling over long-reach PONs

An IEEE 802.16e-2005 (WiMAX) compliant, longreach passive optical network is demonstrated, focusing on the development of next generation optical access with transparent wireless backhauling. In addition to the extended feeder reach, a wavelength band overlay is used to enhance network scalability by maintaining passive splitting in the field and with some design modification at the optical line terminal and remote base station. Radio-over-fiber is used to minimize network installation and maintenance costs through the use of simple remote radio heads complemented by frequency division multiplexing to address individual base stations. The implementation of overlapping radio cells/sectors is also proposed to provide joint signal processing at wireless user terminals. Experimental measurements confirmed EVMs below -30 and -23 dB downstream and upstream, respectively, over fiber link lengths of up to 84.6 km. In addition, adjacent channel leakage ratio measurements demonstrated that a figure of -45 dB with 40 MHz subcarrier spacing, as specified by the standard, can be readily achieved.Peer reviewe

Redundancy Strategies for a High Splitting Optically Amplified Passive Optical Network

Copyright IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.High splitting, optically amplified, passive optical networks (SuperPONs) are investigated in terms of redundancy provision and protection mechanisms. Options for redundancy, including the important special case of dual homing, are detailed, and it is determined as to which of these options (duplication of the feeder and first distribution section, and N+1 protection of the optical amplifiers in the amplified splitter) would be required to be provided to all attached users to facilitate appropriate availability of the basic telephony service. The distributed amplified splitter dual homing solution is found to outperform the single amplified splitter solution in terms of its survivability. The protection mechanisms necessary to automatically switch to the redundant provision are discussed and it is seen that with the aid of suitable regular precautionary procedures protection switching can generally be provided rapidly (<50 ms). Finally, an availability, and cost versus availability, study confirms the aforementioned redundancy assessment for fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) implementations, but shows fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) as needing additional redundancyPeer reviewe

Dynamic Subcarrier Allocation for 100 Gbps, 40 km OFDMA-PONs with SLA and CoS

This paper was published in Journal of Lightwave Technology and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/jlt/issue.cfm?volume=31&issue=7 Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under lawThe quality of service of 100Gbps orthogonal frequency division multiple access passive optical networks (OFDMA-PONs) performing dynamic bandwidth allocation is evaluated. New medium access control protocols and frame formats have been developed, exhibiting hybrid OFDMA/time division multiple access scheduling, for capacity enhancement and granular bandwidth allocation. The sequential dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithms allow the network optical line terminal to grant the optical network units (ONUs) bandwidth using both status and non-status based algorithm. Simulations of a 100 Gbps network with 256 ONUs, 256 subcarriers and 40 km extended-reach demonstrate best network throughputs of 87.5 Gbps and 3 ms packet delays for high priority service classes, even at maximum ONU load. In addition, high service level agreement (SLA) ONUs exhibit 1.56 Gbps maximum capacity and 48.82 kbps granularity.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Integrated Wireless Optical Networking

The interoperability of wireless and PON topologies is investigated to reduce deployment expenditure by means of centralised network management while providing ubiquitous access connections and mobility. In addition, the application of extended wavelength band overlay has been proposed to enhance scalability in the converged platform with the slightest modification in network hardware. To that extent, network modelling in the physical layer of WiMAX channel transmission based on FDM over single- and multi-wavelength power-splitter PONs has demonstrated EVMs below -30dB and worst-case 1E-4 transmission in multipath fading channel

Transparent wireless transmission over the ACCORDANCE optical/wireless segment

Following the evaluation of FP7 proposals under the Call 4 objective, the network of the future, the STREP project ACCORDANCE has been funded to develop a converged copper/optical/radio OFDMA-based access network with high capacity and flexibility. The ACCORDANCE topology supports the integration of technologies and the interoperability of protocols in the form of distinctive network segments, e.g. legacy xPONs, xDSL, legacy wireless etc., through the application of OFDM(A) to provide segment access to and from the network central office. In particular, ACCORDANCE introduces the integration of dominant wired and wireless technologies in a hybrid network segment for greater flexibility and mobility at ease of last-mile implementation. To that extent, a converged passive optical network architecture supporting standard WiMAX/LTE signal formats by means of FDM subcarrier transmission downstream to remote ONU/BSs has been in the focus of this paper. Transparent operation for five FDM subcarriers carrying 3.5 GHz WiMAX channels has been demonstrated with measured EVMs of -31 dB obtained at selected ONU/BS antenna inputs for all subcarriers spacing. In addition, external versus direct modulation evaluation measurements exhibited superior SFDR figures for the former compared to the latter allowing for increased number of subcarriers in a FDM window and consequently network scalability