Pengembangan Tangible Game Braille Untuk Penyandang Tunanetra

Kepedulian terhadap orang penyandang disabilitas terutama tunanetra menjadi kajian besar di ranah internasional. Dibutuhkan pendekatan khusus dalam pengembangan sebuah media pembelajaran untuk tuna netra. Motivasi utama pada penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan literasi para penyandang tuna netra agar dapat memperoleh Pendidikan yang baik di masa depan.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media game matematika untuk tunanetra dengan membandingkan media input angka braille dan angka numeral. Media yang diujikan adalah game tentang soal berhitung yang dikembangkan pada aplikasi android yang dilengkapi dengan suara untuk mempermudah pengguna dalam proses uji coba. Data diambil dari pre test dan post test yang diambil dari enam siswa tuna netra yang mencoba kedua model input. Adapun metode penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan diolah dalam bentuk tabulasi silang, data akhir disampaikan dalam bentuk grafik. Data yang diambil dibagi menjadi dua hal, yang pertama adalah kecepatan pengguna dalam menggunakan media input dan yang kedua adalah hasil nilai yang dilihat dari skore dari game.  Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode input angka numerik terbukti lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode input braille, hal ini dinilai dari dua hal yaitu efisiensi yang mewakili komponen kecepatan dan efektifitas yang menunjukkan ketepatan jawaban.

Pengukuran Tingkat Kesadaran Keamanan Informasi Mahasiswa pada Pembelajaran Online

Tahun 2020 hingga sekarang menjadi tahun dimana teknologi semakin dibutuhkan karena adanya Corona Virus Disease yang mengharuskan seluruh instansi terkait pendidikan melakukan pembelajaran secara online. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat kesadaran keamanan informasi mahasiswa yang melakukan aktifitas online menggunakan platform seperti zoom, google meet, dll dan mengedukasi mahasiswa melalui feedback kuisioner secara online. Pengukuran masalah ini dilakukan melalui 3 dimensi kesadaran yaitu attitude, behavior, dan knowledge yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadaran, dengan demikian dapat difomulasikan tindakan yang harus dilakukan agar mengedukasi yang kurang dan mempertahankan yang sudah baik dari hasil presentase akhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) dan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kuisioner google form. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesadaran keamanan informasi mahasiswa berada pada level “sedang” dengan total nilai 66%. Perlu mempertahankan dimensi knowledge yang sudah baik dan memberikan perhatian khusus pada dimensi attitude dan behavior

Mencegah Serangan Rekayasa Sosial dengan Human Firewall

Manusia adalah elemen paling rentan yang ada pada sistem keamanan informasi. Seringkali orang menganggap bahwa apa yang dibagikan di dunia maya atau dunia siber adalah hal yang tidak penting, tetapi bagi sebagian orang, data dan informasi yang sangat banyak di internet bisa digunakan untuk tindak kejahatan yang membuat kerugian yang besar. Salah satu teknik yang digunakan pelaku tindak kejahatan dunia siber disebut dengan teknik rekayasa sosial. Hal ini menuntut orang-orang agar selalu waspada dan berhati-hati karena pada dasarnya serangan ini memanfaatkan dan maminupalisi manusia agar memberikan data dan informasi tanpa disadari. Pemdekatan fisik dan teknik yang berarti serangan rekayasa sosial bisa terjadi di dunia siber maupun di dunia nyata. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan sebuah model atau panduan yang dapat meningkatkan kesadaran kemanan manusia itu sendiri. Human Firewall, bentuk pertahanan diri yang didapatkan dari memingkatkan kesadaran kemanan data dan informasi melalui pemilihan keputusan yang tepat saat serangan rekayasa sosial terjadi

Variants in estrogen-biosynthesis genes CYP17 and CYP19 and breast cancer risk: a family-based genetic association study

BACKGROUND: Case-control studies have reported inconsistent results concerning breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in genes that control endogenous estrogen biosynthesis. We report findings from the first family-based association study examining associations between female breast cancer risk and polymorphisms in two key estrogen-biosynthesis genes CYP17 (T→C promoter polymorphism) and CYP19 (TTTA repeat polymorphism). METHODS: We conducted the study among 278 nuclear families containing one or more daughters with breast cancer, with a total of 1123 family members (702 with available constitutional DNA and questionnaire data and 421 without them). These nuclear families were selected from breast cancer families participating in the Metropolitan New York Registry, one of the six centers of the National Cancer Institute's Breast Cancer Family Registry. We used likelihood-based statistical methods to examine allelic associations. RESULTS: We found the CYP19 allele with 11 TTTA repeats to be associated with breast cancer risk in these families. We also found that maternal (but not paternal) carrier status of CYP19 alleles with 11 repeats tended to be associated with breast cancer risk in daughters (independently of the daughters' own genotype), suggesting a possible in utero effect of CYP19. We found no association of a woman's breast cancer risk either with her own or with her mother's CYP17 genotype. CONCLUSION: This family-based study indicates that a woman's personal and maternal carrier status of CYP19 11 TTTA repeat allele might be related to increased breast cancer risk. However, because this is the first study to report an association between CYP19 11 TTTA repeat allele and breast cancer, and because multiple comparisons have been made, the associations should be interpreted with caution and need confirmation in future family-based studies

Childhood Hair Product Use and Earlier Age at Menarche in a Racially Diverse Study Population: A Pilot Study

Purpose Previous studies suggest that hair products containing endocrine disrupting chemicals could alter puberty. We evaluated the association between childhood hair product use and age at menarche in a racially diverse study population. Methods We recruited 300 African-American, African-Caribbean, Hispanic, and white women from the New York City metropolitan area who were between 18–77 years of age. Data were collected retrospectively on hair oil, lotion, leave-in conditioner, perm, and other types of hair products used before age 13. Recalled age at menarche ranged from 8 to 19 years. We used multivariable binomial regression to evaluate the association between hair product use and age at menarche (<12 vs. ≥12), adjusting for potential confounders. Results African-Americans were more likely to use hair products and reached menarche earlier than other racial/ethnic groups. Women reporting childhood hair oil use had a risk ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.9) for earlier menarche, adjusting for race/ethnicity and year of birth. Hair perm users had an increased risk for earlier menarche (adjusted risk ratio = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8). Other types of hair products assessed in this study were not associated with earlier menarche. Conclusions Childhood hair oil and perm use were associated with earlier menarche. If replicated, these results suggest that hair product use may be important to measure in evaluating earlier age at menarche

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), related symptoms/sequelae, and breast cancer risk in a population-based case–control study

Despite the overlap between the clinical symptoms/sequelae of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and many known reproductive risk factors for breast cancer, the relationship between PCOS and breast cancer remains unclear, possibly because of the complex heterogeneity and challenges in diagnosing PCOS over time. We hypothesized that PCOS, specific PCOS-related symptoms/sequelae, or clusters of PCOS-related symptoms/sequelae, may be differentially associated with pre- vs. postmenopausal breast cancer risk

Childhood Hair Product Use and Earlier Age at Menarche in a Racially Diverse Study Population: A Pilot Study

Previous studies suggest that hair products containing endocrine disrupting chemicals could alter puberty. We evaluated the association between childhood hair product use and age at menarche in a racially diverse study population

Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long Island. I. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are potent mammary carcinogens in rodents, but their effect on breast cancer development in women is not clear. To examine whether currently measurable PAH damage to DNA increases breast cancer risk, a population-based case-control study was undertaken on Long Island, NY. Cases were women newly diagnosed with in situ and invasive breast cancer; controls were randomly selected women frequency matched to the age distribution of cases. Blood samples were donated by 1102 (73.0%) and 1141 (73.3%) of case and control respondents, respectively. Samples from 576 cases and 427 controls were assayed for PAH-DNA adducts using an ELISA. The geometric mean (and geometric SD) of the log-transformed levels of PAH-DNA adducts on a natural scale was slightly, but nonsignificantly, higher among cases [7.36 (7.29)] than among controls [6.21 (4.17); p = 0.51]. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer in relation to the highest quintile of adduct levels compared with the lowest was 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 –2.20], with little or no evidence of substantial confounding (corresponding multivariate-adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.00 –2.21). There was no consistent elevation in risk with increasing adduct levels, nor was there a consistent association between adduct levels and two of the main sources of PAH, active or passive cigarette smoking or consumption of grilled and smoked foods. These data indicate that PAH-DNA adduct formation may influence breast cancer development, although the association does not appear to be dose dependent and may have a threshold effect

The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project: description of a multi-institutional collaboration to identify environmental risk factors for breast cancer

The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project is a federally mandated, population-based case-control study to determine whether breast cancer risk among women in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, NY, is associated with selected environmental exposures, assessed by blood samples, self-reports, and environmental home samples. This report describes the collaborative project’s background, rationale, methods, participation rates, and distributions of known risk factors for breast cancer by case-control status, by blood donation, and by availability of environmental home samples. Interview response rates among eligible cases and controls were 82.1% (n=1,508) and 62.8% (n=1,556), respectively. Among case and control respondents who completed the interviewer-administered questionnaire, 98.2 and 97.6% self-completed the food frequency questionnaire; 73.0 and 73.3% donated a blood sample; and 93.0 and 83.3% donated a urine sample. Among a random sample of case and control respondents who are long-term residents, samples of dust (83.6 and 83.0%); soil (93.5 and 89.7%); and water (94.3 and 93.9%) were collected. Established risk factors for breast cancer that were found to increase risk among Long Island women include lower parity, late age at first birth, little or no breast feeding, and family history of breast cancer. Factors that were found to be associated with a decreased likelihood that a respondent would donate blood include increasing age and past smoking; factors associated with an increased probability include white or other race, alcohol use, ever breastfed, ever use of hormone replacement therapy, ever use of oral contraceptives, and ever had a mammogram. Long-term residents (defined as 15+ years in the interview home) with environmental home samples did not differ from other long-term residents, although there were a number of differences in risk factor distributions between long-term residents and other participants, as anticipated

Oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

Women with mutations of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at increased risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer in general, but it is not known whether they protect against the disease in carriers of these mutations. We obtained self-reported lifetime histories of oral contraceptive use from 451 women who carried mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios associated with oral contraceptive use, comparing the histories of 147 women with ovarian cancer (cases) to those of 304 women without ovarian cancer (controls) who were matched to cases on year of birth, country of residence and gene (BRCA1 vs BRCA2). Reference ages for controls had to exceed the ages at diagnosis of their matched cases. After adjusting for parity, the odds-ratio for ovarian cancer associated with use of oral contraceptives for at least 1 year was 0.85 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.53-1.36). The risk decreased by 5% (1-9%) with each year of use (P for trend=0.01). Use for 6 or more years was associated with an odds-ratio of 0.62 (0.35-1.09). These data support the hypothesis that long-term oral contraceptive use reduces the risk of ovarian cancer among women who carry mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2