Colonial poetics: Rabindranath Tagore in two worlds

The Nobel Prizewinner Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) wrote in Bengali and translated his own poems into English. Rabindranath\u27s work in Bengali revolutionized the indigenous literary tradition, but little or none of his Bengali style is visible in the translations he produced for an English audience. He addressed a different reader when writing for the English, and an audience that he understood in a specific way because of the Anglo-Indian colonial context and the image that it presented of English language and its culture. Rabindranath had two distinct aesthetic and cultural ideologies, and he was aware of the radical split in this understanding of the Other, or of the British colonial presence in India. The present study examines the way that this ambivalence in comprehending the motivations of the colonizers was created and manipulated by colonial policies. Like many others of his generation, Rabindranath Tagore believed in the ideal presence of the English as it was represented in English literature. This faith generated a perception of two distinct kinds of English: the petty and the great. While translating, he had in mind the constituency of the great English who formed an ideal world of culture. Towards the end of his life, he became disillusioned with the deceptive cultural transactions implied in colonial poetics

Agricultural Machinery in India: IPR Perspective

163-169Agricultural machinery involves use of equipment and machines that are required to perform various crop production activities. The use of agricultural machinery leads to better utilization of inputs and improvement in agricultural operations, particularly in large scale crop production. Most of the earlier innovations in India in this sector were on tractors and drillers. There has been an increase in the innovations in machinery in the pre-harvest as well as post-harvest operations. The present study attempts to analyse patenting activity to identify current innovations on agricultural machinery in India. Analysis of published applications revealed that the area of irrigation and post-harvest processing had the maximum filing. In the case of granted patents, majority of the patents belong to the area of plant growth and post-harvest operations. The analysis reveals the specific patent portfolios and the scope of future innovations in the agriculture engineering sector