The decrease of organic substance concentration (KMNO4) and turbidity in well (ground) water using biosand filter reactor

The main source of water options in most urban and rural areas for Samarinda was well (ground) water. Samarinda is a developing city and most highly populated located in the East Borneo province of Indonesia. Meanwhile, the location and characteristic of land in Samarinda was swampy areas with organic substances concentration (KMnO4) and high turbidity, a poor drinking quality to might have health problem. In this study established potential of BSF for efficiency removal organic substances concentration (KMnO4) and turbidity. (Unit biosand filter was made from 8 mm rectangular glass with the medium used inside BSF reactor as sand local, gravel and supported by aerator for supply O2 to growing biofilm at the layer of fine sand and also diffuser plate to maintain the flow rate of water into the BSF reactor unit. Then, BSF was using flow rate (0.2 and 0.4 m h-1) and paused period (6 and 12 h). Efficiency decrease in the concentration of organic substances, the fist biosand filter the average efficiency by 76.82%, the second biosand filter average efficiency of 74.17%, at the third biosand filter efficiency by an average of 71.28% and the fourth biosand filter average reduction efficiency is 73.29% and while the turbidity of the average efficiency for the first biosand filter by 96.56%, the second filter biosand average efficiency of 94.08%, the third biosand filter average efficiency amounted to 96.52% and the fourth biosand filter average efficiency of 95.03%. Significant impact of this study was conducted The BSF design, construction, operational and maintained as technology become solution in urban and rural area to provide safe water and drinking water in developing countries

The decrease of organic substance concentration (KMnO4) and and turbidity in well (ground) water using biosand filter reactor reactor

The main source of water options in most urban and rural areas for Samarinda was well (ground) water. Samarinda is a developing city and most highly populated located in the East Borneo province of Indonesia. Meanwhile, the location and characteristic of land in Samarinda was swampy areas with organic substances concentration (KMnO4) and high turbidity, a poor drinking quality to might have health problem. In this study established potential of BSF for efficiency removal organic substances concentration (KMnO4) and turbidity. (Unit biosand filter was made from 8 mm rectangular glass with the medium used inside BSF reactor as sand local, gravel and supported by aerator for supply O2 to growing biofilm at the layer of fine sand and also diffuser plate to maintain the flow rate of water into the BSF reactor unit. Then, BSF was using flow rate (0.2 and 0.4 m h-1) and paused period (6 and 12 h). Efficiency decrease in the concentration of organic substances, the fist biosand filter the average efficiency by 76.82%, the second biosand filter average efficiency of 74.17%, at the third biosand filter efficiency by an average of 71.28% and the fourth biosand filter average reduction efficiency is 73.29% and while the turbidity of the average efficiency for the first biosand filter by 96.56%, the second filter biosand average efficiency of 94.08%, the third biosand filter average efficiency amounted to 96.52% and the fourth biosand filter average efficiency of 95.03%. Significant impact of this study was conducted The BSF design, construction, operational and maintained as technology become solution in urban and rural area to provide safe water and drinking water in developing countries

POTENTIAL OF WATER RESOURCES OF PURSAT BASIN FOR IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT

peer reviewedPursat River, one of the tributaries, flows into the Great Lake Tonle Sap, located in Pursat province, 187 km from Phnom Penh. Pursat River originates in Kbal Kmaoch Mountain at an elevation of 1,425m. The main stream joins with Prey Khlong River and Arai River which originate in Orall Mountain at the elevation of 1,813m, the highest mountain in Cambodia. Large of paddy field in the province is irrigated by the river. The lack of year round management of irrigation system along the river is a serious constraint to social and economic development, and poverty reduction in the province. The objective of the research is to discover the appropriate way to develop the irrigation system along the river. The study attempts to uncover the historical development of the river and water use along the river. The research also reveals the appropriate way to put the right system to the right place. The analysis will review the estimation of river flow and total annual flow, an amount of water to be withdrawn from the river, which will be simulated based on meteorological and hydrologic data, and field investigation

DEVELOPMENT OF SHALLOW RESERVOIR IRRIGATION BY USING FLOODWATER FOR PADDY RICE CULTIVATION

peer reviewedThe Tonle Sap Great Lake and the Mekong River in Cambodia have huge floodplain suitable for rice-based farming system and potential water resources for farming. Studies to exploit the flood and the water resources of the lake and the river have not been well conducted yet. Batheay irrigation system is located in the floodplain of the Tonle Sap River and the Mekong River. In this research, the irrigation system is studied as a model site for future development of the floodplain of the Tonle Sap Great Lake and the Mekong River. Batheay reservoir directly receives floodwater from the Mekong. It functions as both a reservoir and a paddy field. In wet season, dike around the Batheay reservoir prevents floodwater from entering the reservoir. Rainy season rice is grown inside the reservoir. After harvesting, gates around the reservoir are opened to receive floodwater. The water is stored for cultivating dry season rice outside the reservoir. In this work, we attempt to study water management of the Batheay irrigation system by analyzing water use pattern in the irrigation system and uncover effectiveness of the system. This study plays a vital role in the study of the Tonle Sap Great Lake system in our future research

Mathematical Model of Organic Substrate Degradation in Solid Waste Windrow Composting

Organic solid waste composting is a complex process that involves many coupled physical, chemical and biological mechanisms. To understand this complexity and to ease in planning, design and management of the composting plant, mathematical model for simulation is usually applied. The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of organic substrate degradation and its performance evaluation in solid waste windrow composting system. The present model is a biomass-dependent model, considering biological growth processes under the limitation of moisture, oxygen and substrate contents, and temperature. The main output of this model is substrate content which was divided into two categories: slowly and rapidly degradable substrates. To validate the model, it was applied to a laboratory scale windrow composting of a mixture of wood chips and dog food. The wastes were filled into a cylindrical reactor of 6 cm diameter and 1 m height. The simulation program was run for 3 weeks with 1 s stepwise. The simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. The MC and temperature of model simulation were found to be matched with those of experiment, but limited for rapidly degradable substrates. Under anaerobic zone, the degradation of rapidly degradable substrate needs to be incorporated into the model to achieve full simulation of a long period static pile composting. This model is a useful tool to estimate the changes of substrate content during composting period, and acts as a basic model for further development of a sophisticated model