Thermal conductivity dataset_Lu et al 2014.xlsx

Soil texture and the related information can be found in Lu et al. (2014) [SSSAJ, 78: 1859-1868

Extrapolative Capability of Two Models That Estimating Soil Water Retention Curve between Saturation and Oven Dryness

<div><p>Accurate estimation of soil water retention curve (SWRC) at the dry region is required to describe the relation between soil water content and matric suction from saturation to oven dryness. In this study, the extrapolative capability of two models for predicting the complete SWRC from limited ranges of soil water retention data was evaluated. When the model parameters were obtained from SWRC data in the 0–1500 kPa range, the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) estimations agreed well with measurements from saturation to oven dryness with RMSEs less than 0.01. The GG model (Groenevelt and Grant, 2004) produced larger errors at the dry region, with significantly larger RMSEs and MEs than the FX model. Further evaluations indicated that when SWRC measurements in the 0–100 kPa suction range was applied for model establishment, the FX model was capable of producing acceptable SWRCs across the entire water content range. For a higher accuracy, the FX model requires soil water retention data at least in the 0- to 300-kPa range to extend the SWRC to oven dryness. Comparing with the Khlosi et al. (2006) model, which requires measurements in the 0–500 kPa range to reproduce the complete SWRCs, the FX model has the advantage of requiring less SWRC measurements. Thus the FX modeling approach has the potential to eliminate the processes for measuring soil water retention in the dry range.</p></div

The effect of H₂S on Nrf-2-mediated signaling pathway.

<p>Relative mRNA levels of Nrf-2 were assayed in the young and old rats. Pretreatment with NaHS (20 µmol/kg) significantly increased Nrf-2 mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels in the young rats treated with I/R, but it had little effect on those in the old rats. Pretreatment with 20 µmol/kg NaHS significantly increased mRNA (C) and protein (D) levels of NQO1, GST, and HO-1 in the young rats treated with I/R. Pretreatment of 20 µmol/kg NaHS slightly increased mRNA (E) and protein (F) levels of NQO1, GST and HO-1 in the old rats treated with I/R. **P<0.01, indicate significant differences from the respective control groups.</p

miR-34a mediated Nrf-2 signaling pathway was implicated in the hepatoprotective effects of H₂S.

<p>The injection of miR-34a mimic decreased the mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels of Nrf-2, NQO1, GST and HO-1 in the young rats in the I/R+pretreatment with NaHS group. The injection of miR-34a inhibitor increased the mRNA (C) and protein (D) levels of Nrf-2, NQO1, GST and HO-1 in the old rats in the with I/R+pretreatment with NaHS group. **P<0.01, indicates significant differences from the respective control groups.</p

The effect of H₂S on miR-34a expression in the I/R liver.

<p>Relative levels of miR-34a, miR-28, miR-155, miR-27a, miR-144, and miR-153 were assayed in young rats (A) and old rats (B) after I/R. Levels of miR-34a were lower in the young rats in the sham group (C) and the in I/R group (D) than in the old rats. (E and F) Pretreatment with 20 µmol/kg NaHS significantly decreased miR-34a levels in the young rats (E), but it had little effect on those in the old rats. **P<0.01, indicates significant differences from the respective control groups.</p

Mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and the GG model (Groenevelt and Grant, 2004) for the tested soils from saturation to oven dryness.

<p>Soil water retention data in the 0–1500 kPa suction range were used for model establishment.</p><p>Mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and the GG model (Groenevelt and Grant, 2004) for the tested soils from saturation to oven dryness.</p

Knockout of miR-34a expression enhanced the hepatoprotective effect of H₂S on the old rats.

<p>(A) The serum levels of ALT and AST were assayed in the old rats. Pretreatment with NaHS had little effect on the serum levels of ALT and AST, which were significantly decreased by miR-34a inhibitor in the old rats with I/R. (B) The injection of miR-34a inhibitor clearly decreased miR-34a levels. (C) Suzuki’s scores for the livers of the old rats. **P<0.01, indicates significant differences from the respective control groups.</p

Mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and KCGS model (Khlosi et al., 2006) for the tested 16 soils from Campbell and Shiozawa (1992) and Prebble (1991) from saturation to oven dryness: FX-1 and KCGS-1 indicate that the parameters were obtained by fitting the FX model and KCGS model to the measurements in the suction range of 0 to 100 kPa, respectively.

<p>FX-3 indicates that the parameters were obtained by fitting the FX model to the measurements in the suction range of 0 to 300 kPa.</p><p>Mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and KCGS model (Khlosi et al., 2006) for the tested 16 soils from Campbell and Shiozawa (1992) and Prebble (1991) from saturation to oven dryness: FX-1 and KCGS-1 indicate that the parameters were obtained by fitting the FX model and KCGS model to the measurements in the suction range of 0 to 100 kPa, respectively.</p

Comparison of measured and estimated soil water retention curves from oven-dryness to saturation from the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) on six soils measured by Campbell and Shiozawa (1992).

<p>FX-1 and FX-3 indicate that the parameters were obtained by fitting the models to the measurements in the suction range of 0 to 100 kPa and 0 to 300 kPa, respectively.</p

Comparison of measured and estimated soil water retention curves from oven-dryness to saturation from the FX model (Fredlund and Xing, 1994).

<p>FX-1 and FX-3 indicate that the parameters were obtained by fitting the models to the measurements in the suction range of 0 to 100 kPa and 0 to 300 kPa, respectively.</p