PREDICTION OF PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A BALL MILL USING IMPROVISED NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE AND TIME SERIES

In the mining industry, it is important to minimize the wastage of raw materials while achieving the desired particle size distribution by grinding the original input mix. To date, the procedure is performed manually, and there is no such control mechanism for grinding that reduces wastage to achieve the desired output, resulting in the loss of material. This study aims to develop an autonomous system for predicting the desired states of breakage by analyzing the acoustic signatures of the materials being crushed. The signal envelope is detected from the time-series acoustic data, which changed gradually during grinding. We designed an autoregression model using the signal envelopes of different grinding stages to predict the desired particle size. In another scenario, the acoustic signatures are approximated to a Gaussian distribution, and the kernel density estimation function is applied to obtain the best-fitted observed data points with the help of local points. An improvised neural network technique is used to classify the unknown patterns of crushing at different breakage states, which validates the experimental results. The network is trained with the input patterns corresponding to the observed data points and the output of the autoregression model. The prediction accuracy of the proposed approach is approximately 97%

Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Patient With Aortoarteritis

Aortoarteritis, also known as Takayasu’s arteritis, aortic arch syndrome or pulseless disease is a rare vascular disease that cause progressive damage including inflammation, scarring, narrowing and abnormal ballooning inside the wall of aorta and major arteries. This case report of aortoarteritis in pregnancy was diagnosed during pregnancy,and successful pregnancy outcome was achieved by combined multidisciplinary supervision of experts

Current Recommendations on MMRV combination vaccine in India

Two MMRV vaccines have been available since 2000. ProQuad (Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA; Merck) and Priorix-Tetra (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; GSK). Both have been widely used in USA, Australia, Canada, and many European countries. The MMRV vaccine was developed based on the existing MMR and varicella vaccines 1,2. Licensed ProQuad and Priorix-Tetra have different measles virus strains (Edmonston strain and Schwarz strain, respectively) with the same titer ( > 10 3.0 tissue culture 50% infective dose, TCID50). Mumps virus strain in Priorix-Tetra (RIT 4385 strain, titer > 10 4.4 TCID50) is derived from what is used in ProQuad (Jeryl Lynn strain, titer > 10 4.3 TCID50). ProQuad and Priorix-Tetra have same rubella virus strain (Wistar RA 27/3 strain) and titer (>10 3.0 TCID50). They also have same varicella virus strain (Oka strain), but with different titers (> 10 3.99 and > 10 3.3 plaque-forming units, respectively)

Effect of gamma (γ-) radiation on the opto-structural and morphological properties of green synthesized BaO nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera leaves

In this current assessment, BaO synthesized from Moringa Oleifera leaves were irradiated using 0–75 kGy gamma radiation and investigated its physical impacts. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) data demonstrated the synthesis of tetragonal BaO, and no phase deviation was observed after irradiation. As doses are increased, the overall crystallite size were decreased due to an increase in defects and disorders. The tetragonal BaO was evident in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra prior to and following irradiation, while peak intensities and wavenumbers varied considerably. The as-prepared BaO showed a spherical shape morphology, and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicated no vital deviations in it after irradiation. As irradiation shifts from 0 to 75 kGy, optical bandgap was increased from 4.55 to 4.93 eV, evaluated using Kubelka-Munk (K-M) equation from UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Opto-electronic and photonic devices have challenges in extreme radiation conditions, such as space and nuclear environments. So, these assessments suggested that BaO can withstand high levels of gamma photon and could be a good option for photonic and optoelectronic instruments in an extreme gamma-ray exposed conditions

Preparation and storage stability of meat spread developed from spent hens

Aim: The present study was carried out to develop a meat spread as a healthier alternative to already existing meat products utilizing undervalued spent hen meat to add a new dimension to meat products. Materials and Methods: Carcasses were processed within 30 min of slaughter and conditioned at 4±1°C for about 24 h and then braised along with other ingredients to get the final product. The products were evaluated for proximate composition, peroxide values, pH, microbiological, and sensory qualities as per standard procedures. Results: The mean percent values for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, and total ash content of developed product were 58.75±0.32, 9.12±0.44, 11.19±0.16, and 2.35±0.17, respectively. No significant difference was observed for mean coliform and the yeast and mold counts with the progression of storage period, but samples differed significantly for mean pH, thiobarbituric acid and total viable plate count during storage of meat spread. A progressive decline in mean sensory scores was recorded along with the increase in storage time. Conclusion: The meat spread was found to be a good alternative to process the underutilized spent hens for its efficient utilization for product development

Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in deer and nearby water sources at Safari parks in Bangladesh

Background and Aim: The emergence and rapid dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in different ecosystems is a growing concern to human health, animal health, and the environment in recent years. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from deer and nearby water sources at two different Safari parks in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A number of 55 fresh fecal samples of deer and six water samples from nearby lakes were collected from two Safari parks. Samples were processed, cultured, and carried out biochemical tests for E. coli. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. To identify the resistance genes, polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results: A total of 32 E. coli isolates from 55 fecal samples and 6 of 6 E. coli isolates from lake water were isolated. From fecal E. coli isolates, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole were 90.63% (n=29/32) resistant and 87.5% (n=28/32) were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. High resistance was also observed to other antibiotics. On the contrary, all E. coli isolates from water sources were 100% (n=6/6) resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. MDR was revealed in all water samples, whereas 96.88% (n=31/32) was found in fecal isolates. A number of blaTEM, tetA, and Sul2 genes were detected from both isolates. Conclusion: This study for the 1st time highlights, a significant proportion of E. coli isolates in wildlife deer and nearby water sources were MDR in Bangladesh

NCoR1 controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in myeloid cells by regulating the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) defends host-mediated killing by repressing the autophagolysosome machinery. For the first time, we report NCoR1 co-repressor as a crucial host factor, controlling Mtb growth in myeloid cells by regulating both autophagosome maturation and lysosome biogenesis. We found that the dynamic expression of NCoR1 is compromised in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during active Mtb infection, which is rescued upon prolonged anti-mycobacterial therapy. In addition, a loss of function in myeloid-specific NCoR1 considerably exacerbates the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro in THP1 differentiated macrophages, ex vivo in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and in vivo in NCoR1MyeKO mice. We showed that NCoR1 depletion controls the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis by fine-tuning cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, which in turn changes the expression of proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Moreover, we also showed that the treatment of NCoR1 depleted cells by Rapamycin, Antimycin-A, or Metformin rescued the TFEB activity and LC3 levels, resulting in enhanced Mtb clearance. Similarly, expressing NCoR1 exogenously rescued the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis and Mtb killing. Overall, our data revealed a central role of NCoR1 in Mtb pathogenesis in myeloid cells

Zbtb10 transcription factor is crucial for murine cDC1 activation and cytokine secretion

Dendritic cell (DC) activation and cytokine production is tightly regulated. In this study, we found that Zbtb10 expression is activation dependent and it is essential for the immunogenic function of cDC1. Zbtb10 knockdown (KD) significantly reduced the expression of co-stimulatory genes CD80 and CD86 along with cytokines including IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10, in activated cDC1 Mutu-DC line. Consequently, the clonal expansion of CD44 <sup>+</sup> effector T cells in co-cultured CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells was drastically reduced owing to significantly reduced IL-2. At the same time, these CD44 <sup>+</sup> effector T cells were unable to differentiate toward Tbet <sup>+</sup> IFNγ <sup>+</sup> Th1 subtype. Instead, an increased frequency of Th2 cells expressing GATA3 <sup>+</sup> and IL-13 <sup>+</sup> was observed. Interestingly, in Zbtb10 KD condition the co-cultured T cells depicted increased expression of PD1 and LAG3, the T-cell anergic markers. Moreover, the global transcriptome analysis identified that Zbtb10 is pertinent for DC activation and its depletion in cDC1 completely shuts down their immune responses. Mechanistic analysis revealed that Zbtb10 KD enhanced the expression of NKRF (NF-κB repressing factor) leading to drastic suppression of NF-κB related genes. Zbtb10 KD abrogated p65 and RelB nuclear translocation, thereby controlling the activation and maturation of cDC1 and the ensuing adaptive T cell responses

NCoR1 controls the mTOR-TFEB axis to regulate autophagy and lysosome biogenesis in myeloid cells.

(A, B) Representative western blot image with corresponding densitometric analysis depicting the TFEB protein kinetics (2 h, 12 h, and 24 h) in the H37Rv infected cDC1. All protein bands were normalised with β-actin housekeeping control (n = 3). (C, D) Microscopy images showing the relative levels of NCoR1 and TFEB levels in CD11c+ and F4/80+ H37Rv-GFP infected lung tissue sections compared to uninfected C57BL/6 mice. (E, F) Western blot image and bar plot demonstrating the TFEB level in control and NCoR1 KD cDC1 at different time points upon H37Rv infection (n = 3). (G) Confocal microscopy showing NCoR1 and TFEB expression in H37Rv infected BMDMs generated from NCoR1MyeKO and NCoR1fl/fl mice (n = 4 mice). (H) Bar plot showing the quantification for NCoR1 and TFEB protein levels from confocal microscopy of H37Rv infected BMDMs generated from NCoR1MyeKO and NCoR1fl/fl mice (n = 4 mice). (I, J) Confocal microscopy images and bar plots showing the entrapment of H37Rv with LAMP1 protein in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP1 differentiated macrophages at different time points (n = 3). (K) Western blot image showing the protein levels of NCoR1, TFEB, and LC3-II:LC3-I in starved and fed condition in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages (n = 3). (L) Bar plot showing densitometric quantification of NCoR1, TFEB, and LC3-II:LC3-I western bands in starved and fed condition in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages. All bands were normalised with β-actin as housekeeping control (n = 3). (M) Western blot image showing NCoR1 and LC3-II:LC3-I protein levels in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages treated with heat killed H37Rv at different time points (n = 3). (N) Bar plot depicting densitometric quantification of NCoR1 and LC3-II:LC3-I in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages treated with heat killed H37Rv at different time points. All bands were normalised with β-actin as housekeeping control (n = 3). (O) Western blot representative image depicting the p-mTOR, mTOR, and p-TFEB, TFEB levels in H37Rv infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 2 h and 24 h post infection, with and without Torin1 treatment (n = 3). (P) Bar plot depicting the densitometric quantification of normalised p-mTOR and p-TFEB protein bands. The p-mTOR and p-TFEB levels were normalised first with their respective total protein levels and then with housekeeping control β-actin, with and without Torin1 (n = 3). (Q) FACS analysis demonstrating the MFI shifts for H37Rv infection in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 24 h of infection with and without treatment of rapamycin (n = 3). (R) Bar plot demonstrating the MFI shift quantification of H37Rv infection in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 24 h of infection with and without treatment of rapamycin (n = 3). *p p p t test. Where n represents independent biological replicates. The data underlying this figure are available in S1 Data. Western blot raw images can be found in S1 Raw Image. (TIF)</p

NCoR1 regulates mTOR activity by fine-tuning cellular ATP-AMPK levels.

(A) Pathway enrichment analysis showing the top pathways enriched for the list of genes significantly up-regulated in RNA-seq data of NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 24 h post infection with H37Rv (n = 3). (B, C) Representative western blot image depicting the p-mTOR, p-AMPKα along with total mTOR, AMPKα in H37Rv-infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 2 h and 24 h post infection. Corresponding bar plots showing the densitometric analysis from western blots of 3 independent biological replicates (n = 3). (D) Line graph showing the intracellular ATP levels in M. smegmatis-infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 2 h and 24 h post infection (n = 3). (E) Bar graph depicting the intracellular ATP levels in NCoR1fl/fl and NCoR1MyeKO BMDMs at 2 h and 24 h post H37Rv infection (n = 4 mice). (F) Representative seahorse assay line graph showing the OCR levels upon sequential injections with Oligomycin, CCCP, and Rotenone/Antimycin A, measured in M. smegmatis-infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 2 h and 24 h post infection (n = 4). (G) Bar plot depicting the quantification of OCR levels as basal respiration, coupled ATP, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity, measured by seahorse assay, of M. smegmatis-infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 2 h and 24 h post infection (n = 4). (H) Western blot representative image with corresponding densitometric analysis depicting the p-mTOR, p-AMPKα along with total mTOR, AMPKα protein level in M. smegmatis-infected control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages at 24 h post infection, with and without metformin treatment. All phosphorylated proteins were first normalised with its total form followed by housekeeping control β-actin (n = 3). (I) Scatter plot showing the M. smegmatis bacterial load in control and NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages by CFU assay at 24 h post infection, with and without metformin treatment (n = 4). (J) Scatter plot showing the bacterial load in H37Rv-infected BMDMs at 24 h post infection by CFU assay, with and without treatment of antimycin A, rapamycin, and metformin. BMDMs were generated from NCoR1MyeKO and NCoR1fl/fl mice (n = 6 mice). (K) Western blot image demonstrating the protein levels of exogenously expressed NCoR1-flag and its impact on p-AMPKα, AMPKα, TFEB, p-mTOR, total mTOR, and LC3-II:LC3-I in H37Rv-infected NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages (n = 3). (L) Bar plot showing the densitometric quantitation of western blot bands of NCoR1-flag, p-AMPKα, TFEB, p-mTOR, and LC3 protein levels from 3 independent biological replicates of H37Rv-infected NCoR1 KD human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages complemented with exogenous NCoR1-flag. All phosphorylated proteins were first normalised with its total form followed by housekeeping control β-actin (n = 3). (M) Scatter plot showing the bacterial load in H37Rv-infected control, NCoR1 KD, and exogenous NCoR1-flag overexpressed NCoR1 KD in human monocytic THP-1 differentiated macrophages by CFU assay at 24 h post infection (n = 5). (N) Cartoon diagram showing the proposed mechanism of NCoR1 regulating Mtb pathogenesis in myeloid cells. *p p p t test. Where n represents independent biological replicates. The data underlying this figure are available in S2 Table and S1 Data. Western blot raw images can be found in S1 Raw Image. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage; KD, knockdown.</p