The Wnt receptor Ryk is a negative regulator of mammalian dendrite morphogenesis

This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (Grants 1061512, 1063080). ML and KS were supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award or a University of Queensland International Scholarship, respectively. Imaging work was performed in the Queensland Brain Institute’s Advanced Microscopy Facility and generously supported by an ARC LIEF grant (LE130100078). We thank Assoc. Prof. Julian Heng (Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia) for providing the pCA-ß-EGFPm5-Silencer 3 vector, Prof. Joseph LoTurco (University of Connecticut, USA) for the piggyBAC vector, and Prof. Steven Stacker (Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia) for providing the Ryk knockout mice and the full-length Ryk plasmid. We are also grateful to Mr Luke Hammond for expert advice on microscopy and Ms Rowan Tweedale for critical reading of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Neogenin recruitment of the WAVE regulatory complex to ependymal and radial progenitor adherens junctions prevents hydrocephalus

Denudation of the ependyma due to loss of cell adhesion mediated by cadherin-based adherens junctions is a common feature of perinatal hydrocephalus. Junctional stability depends on the interaction between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for recruiting the actin nucleation machinery to the ependymal junction is unknown. Here, we reveal that loss of the netrin/RGM receptor, Neogenin, leads to severe hydrocephalus. We show that Neogenin plays a critical role in actin nucleation in the ependyma by anchoring the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) and Arp2/3 to the cadherin complex. Blocking Neogenin binding to the Cyfip1/Abi WRC subunit results in actin depolymerization, junctional collapse, and denudation of the postnatal ventricular zone. In the embryonic cortex, this leads to loss of radial progenitor adhesion, aberrant neuronal migration, and neuronal heterotopias. Therefore, Neogenin-WRC interactions play a fundamental role in ensuring the fidelity of the embryonic ventricular zone and maturing ependyma

Environmental Data Extraction Worksheet & Social Extraction Worksheet.

(DOCX)</p

PRISMA Checklist.

(DOC)</p

Regional distribution of empirical evidence for a) each impact type (environmental and social) where ‘Not Studied’ indicates no evidence for an individual impact type from that region, and b) the polarity of impacts.

In b), the size of the pie represents n, the number of observations from that region. Countries were assigned to regions according to the ‘subregion’ designation from Natural Earth [154].</p

Number of observations of seaweed farming impact on biodiversity: marine mammals, plankton, seagrass, invertebrates, and fish.

Where seaweed farming was associated with a benefit to any of these biodiversity indicators, the impact was classified as beneficial. Where seaweed farming was negatively associated with the biodiversity indicator, the impact was defined as deleterious. Other cases were defined as either neutral (neither positive or negative impacts) or mixed (both positive and negative effects). ‘No impact’ was defined for observations where the seaweed farms had no impact on the biodiversity indicator.</p

Included Studies by Impact Category.

(DOCX)</p

Semi-Qualitative Assignment of Polarity to each Impact Category.

Semi-Qualitative Assignment of Polarity to each Impact Category.</p

Twenty social and environmental impact categories of seaweed farming as identified by our systematic review.

Impact polarity based on available data is noted by the colour of each circle. For impact categories with greater than one observation, we either report the polarity with a majority of observations supporting it (>50%), or we report a ‘Variable’ impact. For impact categories with only one observation, we report ‘Data Deficient’. Confidence scores are based on a cumulative probability binomial test that the identified impact is incorrect (Medium: 0.05 > p > 0.005; High p < 0.005). The numbers in parentheses refer to the number of observations from each impact category.</p

Search Terms.

(XLSX)</p