Tibolone and breast cancer

Tibolone is a relatively new drug for postmenopausal women, which is structurally related to 19-nortestosterone derivatives and exhibits weak oestrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic activities. The effect of tibolone on breast tissue is still obscure. In vitro studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effects of tibolone on breast cells. On the other hand, although epidemiological studies show an increase in the risk of breast cancer among women treated with tibolone, accumulation of data obtained from radiological studies presents promising results. However, the safety of tibolone with regard to breast tissue needs to be investigated further, especially through well- designed, large-scale, randomised-controlled trials

Endometrial mixed mullerian tumor with heterologous elements following tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer: a case report and literature review

Case: A 67-year-old multiparous woman received 20 mg tamoxifen daily for four years after surgical treatment of breast cancer. She presented with vaginal bleeding. Uterine curettage revealed a uterine MMT with heterologous elements. She was treated surgically with adjuvant radiotherapy. Tumor cells were found to be estrogen receptor negative and progesterone receptor positive. Uterine MMT may be linked to long term use of tamoxifen. A mechanism in developing MMT other than estrogen receptor pathway may be possible. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Comparative study of follicular fluid and cultured granulosa cell steroid production

To determine the steroidogenic capacity of follicular and cultured granulosa cells, estradiol and progesterone productions were studied in 10 fertilized and 10 nonfertilized IVF-ET cases. After separation of granulosa cells, they were cultured in EBSS within 24 hours. Follicular fluid obtained from follicles with fertilized oocytes contained higher levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and P/E2 ratio although the differences were statistically nonsignificant. Cultured granulosa cells demonstrated higher numbers per mililiter in fertilized oocyte group in comparison with the nonfertilized ones (p<0.05). However, nonfertilized group showed higher estradiol and progesterone production per 10 million granulosa cells (p<0.05) while P/E2 production rate of cultured granulosa cells was higher than the P/E2 ratio of fertilized group (p<0.05). These results suggest that preovulatory granulosa cell steroid production in favor of progesterone may deteriorate fertilization

Fetal weight estimation and prediction of fetal macrosomia in non-diabetic pregnant women

In the present study we investigated the accuracy of Shepard's formula in the sonographic diagnosis of macrosomic fetus of non-diabetic pregnant women. Three hundred and eighty-one macrosomic and 450 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses born to non-diabetic mothers between 37-42 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Ultrasonographic fetal weight estimation within two days of delivery was made using Shepard's formula in all patients. The estimated fetal weights were compared with the actual birth weights of the same subjects. We did not observe any macrosomic newborn birth in pregnant women with 3200 g or less fetal weight estimation. However, in patients with 3400-3499 g fetal weight estimation, a statistically significant increase in macrosomic newborn birth was observed. Only 3.2% of newborns having actual birth weights greater than or equal to 4000 g had sonographic birth weight estimation less than 4000 g. Accuracy of weight estimations using the Shepard's formula was found to be low in macrosomic fetus. On the other hand, increased incidence of macrosomic newborn birth was observed in subjects with ultrasonographic fetal weight estimations above 3400 g and this level may be useful as a cut-off value for prediction of macrosomic fetus in non-diabetic pregnant women. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Factors affecting the accuracy of ultrasonographical fetal weight estimation in twin pregnancies

Objective. To determine the factors affecting the accuracy of ultrasonographic weight estimation in twins

Symptomatic treatment of premenstrual mastalgia in premenopausal women with lisuride maleate: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effect of lisuride maleate on premenstrual mastalgia in premenopausal women

Is endometrial apoptosis evidence of endometrial aging in unexplained infertility? a preliminary report

Objective: To investigate spontaneous endometrial apoptosis in women with unexplained infertility and to find out whether there is a possible relationship between endometrial apoptosis, age, and hormonal parameters