Photovoltaic Response of Silicon Wafers Treated in the K2WO4-Na2WO4-WO3Melt

Texturing silicon wafers is one way to increase the performance of solar cells. This work is the first to report on the surface modification of Si wafers by processing in polytungstate melts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and photoelectrochemical measurements were used to elucidate the effect of texturing conditions in the Na2WO4 - K2WO4 (1:1) melt containing 35 or 50 mol% WO3 at 973 K in air. As a result of cathodic treatment in the melt containing 50 mol% WO3 at the potential of -0.92 V (vs Pt) for 15 s, upright pyramids were formed on the Si surface. In addition, inverted pyramids appeared at the OTB/Si contact points. The photocurrent density of these samples was several times higher than that for the initial Si wafer or the Si wafer etched in 5 M NaOH solution at 353 K for 20 min. Mechanisms for the formation of upright and inverted pyramids were proposed. Unusual eight-faceted pyramids were formed on the Si surface during cathodic treatment in the melt containing 35 mol% WO3 at -1.19 V for 15 s, but the photocurrent density of such samples was low. © 2021 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited.This work is performed in the frame of the State Assignment number 075-03-2020-582/1 dated 18.02.2020 (the theme number 0836-2020-0037). This work has been (partly) done using facilities of the Shared Access Center "Composition of Compounds" (IHTE, UB RAS)

Early Soviet Society as a Social Project, 1917–1930s : monograph : in 2 parts. Р. 1 : Soviet State: Territory, Government, and Economy

The book discusses the formation and evolution of early Soviet society in the context of the social engineering theory, which sheds a new light on Soviet history in 1917–1936. ‘Socialist building’ is seen as an experience of constructing an ‘ideal’ society, based on utopian communist ideas. This book is meant for professional historians and for readers interested in the twentiethcentury Russian history.В монографии рассмотрены проблемы становления и эволюции раннесоветского общества в контексте проектного подхода, что позволяет концептуально переосмыслить историю советского общества в 1917–1936 годах, рассмотреть процессы «социалистического строительства» как опыт проектирования «идеального» общества, опиравшийся в значительной степени на утопические представления о коммунизме. Книга адресована как профессиональным историкам, так и всем, кто интересуется российской историей XX века.This research is supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project № 16-18-10106 ‘Early Soviet Society as a Social Project: Concepts, Mechanisms of Realization, and Results’).Исследование проведено, издание подготовлено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 16-18-10106 «Раннесоветское общество как социальный проект: идеи, механизмы реализации, результаты конструирования»)